Written questions by Duncan-Jordan.

What steps she plans to take to ensure that all families have access to (a) affordable and (b) quality childcare.

As part of our Plan for Change, this government is committed to giving every child the best start in life. The department has set a milestone of a record proportion – 75% – of children to be starting school ready to learn. We will measure our progress through the percentage of children reaching a good level of development in the early years foundation stage profile assessment by 2028.To help deliver this ambition, from the start of September 2024, eligible working parents have been entitled to 15 hours a week of early education and care from the term after their child turns nine months old. The department is expanding the childcare entitlements so that, from September 2025, eligible working parents can access 30 hours of early education and childcare a week.Parents may also be eligible for childcare support through Tax-Free Childcare or Universal Credit childcare.Next year alone, the department plans to provide over £8 billion for the early years entitlements, which represents a more than 30% increase compared to the 2024/25 financial year.The early years pupil premium rate has increased by over 45% compared to the 2024/25 financial year, equivalent to up to £570 per eligible child per year. We are also providing further supplementary funding of £75 million for the early years expansion grant and £25 million through the forthcoming National Insurance contributions grant for public sector employers in early years.The government is also rolling out plans for the first phase of school based nurseries, ensuring families across the country have access to high quality childcare and early education. The first wave of up to 300 schools to be allocated nursery funding will be announced in spring.As we grow the childcare system, it must remain fair and accessible to all parents. The department has taken action to protect parents from reported instances of very high additional charges or ‘top-up fees’ on top of their entitlement, ensuring the funded hours remain accessible and affordable for families.The department is determined to create change in the approach to early years, focusing on high quality early education, celebrating and supporting early years careers, and embedding the sector into the wider education system. We are delivering programmes to support the sector to attract talented staff and childminders by creating conditions for improved recruitment, alongside programmes to better utilise the skills of the existing workforce.

What steps she plans to take to ensure that childcare is affordable for working parents.

As part of our Plan for Change, this government is committed to giving every child the best start in life. The department has set a milestone of a record proportion – 75% – of children to be starting school ready to learn. We will measure our progress through the percentage of children reaching a good level of development in the early years foundation stage profile assessment by 2028.To help deliver this ambition, from the start of September 2024, eligible working parents have been entitled to 15 hours a week of early education and care from the term after their child turns nine months old. The department is expanding the childcare entitlements so that, from September 2025, eligible working parents can access 30 hours of early education and childcare a week.Parents may also be eligible for childcare support through Tax-Free Childcare or Universal Credit childcare.Next year alone, the department plans to provide over £8 billion for the early years entitlements, which represents a more than 30% increase compared to the 2024/25 financial year.The early years pupil premium rate has increased by over 45% compared to the 2024/25 financial year, equivalent to up to £570 per eligible child per year. We are also providing further supplementary funding of £75 million for the early years expansion grant and £25 million through the forthcoming National Insurance contributions grant for public sector employers in early years.The government is also rolling out plans for the first phase of school based nurseries, ensuring families across the country have access to high quality childcare and early education. The first wave of up to 300 schools to be allocated nursery funding will be announced in spring.As we grow the childcare system, it must remain fair and accessible to all parents. The department has taken action to protect parents from reported instances of very high additional charges or ‘top-up fees’ on top of their entitlement, ensuring the funded hours remain accessible and affordable for families.The department is determined to create change in the approach to early years, focusing on high quality early education, celebrating and supporting early years careers, and embedding the sector into the wider education system. We are delivering programmes to support the sector to attract talented staff and childminders by creating conditions for improved recruitment, alongside programmes to better utilise the skills of the existing workforce.

If she will consider a three year funding settlement for the Music Hub programme.

Multi-year programme budgets will be considered as part of the spending review and subsequent business planning process.

What steps her department is taking to promote apprenticeships in the hair and beauty industry.

Apprenticeships are a great way for individuals to begin, or progress in, a successful career in the hair and beauty industry. Employers in the hair and beauty sector have developed several high quality apprenticeships, including the level 2 hairdressing professional standard, to help them develop their workforce.The department continues to promote the benefits that apprenticeships offer to students in schools and colleges through the Apprenticeship Support and Knowledge programme and through the Skills for Life campaign.To support smaller employers to access apprenticeships, the government pays the full training costs for young apprentices aged 16 to 21, and for apprentices aged 22 to 24 who have an education, health and care (EHC) plan or have been in local authority care.Employers can also benefit from £1,000 payments when they take on apprentices aged 16 to 18, or apprentices aged 19 to 24 who have an EHC plan or have been in local authority care. Employers can choose how they spend these payments.

How many children were refused an education, health and care plan assessment by their local authority in the last financial year.

The department collects information on the number of requests for an education, health and care (EHC) needs assessment, the number of EHC needs assessments, and the outcome of these requests and assessments.This information can be found here: https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/data-tables/permalink/3216aeea-b67c-4fc7-e256-08dd5a6d191a. These figures and are the most up to date we hold and refer to the 2023 calendar year. We do not hold information on a financial year basis.Information on EHC plans maintained by local authorities, including requests for needs assessments, decisions made to assess and the number of plans issued is included in the statistical release, ‘Education, health and care plans’. The full publication can be read here: https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/education-health-and-care-plans.

What assessment he has made of the potential merits of ensuring that parents have a legal right to appeal decisions by their local authority to refuse to assess their child for an EHCP.

This government’s ambition is that all children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) or in alternative provision receive the right support to succeed and thrive in their education and as they move into adult life.Parents have a legal right of appeal if a local authority decides not to assess their child for an education, health and care (EHC) plan. The first-tier SEND Tribunal hears appeals against local authority decisions in relation to EHC assessments and plans for children and young people. Parents and carers can appeal to the Tribunal about local authority refusal to assess a child or young person’s EHC needs, reassess their EHC needs, issue an EHC plan, update what is in an EHC plan, or maintain an EHC plan.Most EHC plans and assessments are concluded without a Tribunal hearing. Nationally, in the 2023 calendar year, there were 15,600 appeals to the Tribunal, equating to 2.5% of all appealable decisions subsequently resulting in Tribunal appeals.The department is exploring what more we can do to work with local authorities, particularly those with high appeal rates, to understand the reasons for and to address these issues. As an initial step, we jointly delivered with the Independent Provider of Special Educational Advice and the Council for Disabled Children, eight training sessions on 'SEND and the law' for local authority SEND caseworkers.

Whether he has made an assessment of the potential implications for his policies of recently announced increases in Social Work England registration fees.

As set out in the Children and Social Work Act 2017, Social Work England (SWE) is responsible for setting the level of registration fees. The relevant sections of the Act can be found here: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/16/part/2/enacted#section-36-4. Before determining the level of any fee, including any change, SWE must both consult publicly and gain approval of my right hon. Friend, the Secretary of State for Education.SWE launched a public consultation on changes to their fees on 19 February 2025. The consultation runs until 13 May 2025. More information on the proposed fee changes and public consultation can be found here: https://www.socialworkengland.org.uk/news/public-consultation-on-changes-to-our-fees-is-now-open/.

What assessment she has made of the potential merits of continued funding of the Music Hub programme.

Music Hubs play a crucial role in providing music education both within the school curriculum and beyond. The government currently allocates £79 million annually to support the Music Hub programme, including funding for the 2024/25 academic year. The department has not yet confirmed the future funding levels for Music Hubs.

What assessment she has made of the effectiveness of the guidance entitled Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 in preventing children from being returned to abusive parents.

Local authorities have a duty to protect all children, including those returning home from care.The statutory 'Children Act 1989 guidance and regulations volume 2: care planning, placement and case review' is clear that where the plan is for a child to return to the care of their family when they cease to be looked-after, there should be a robust planning and decision-making process to ensure that this decision is in the best interests of the child and will safeguard and promote their welfare.The multi-agency statutory guidance ‘Working together to safeguard children 2023’ reinforces the legal obligations for individuals and organisations to ensure the safety of children, including those returning home.Local statutory safeguarding partners, such as local authorities, integrated care boards and police chiefs have responsibility for the delivery and monitoring of multi-agency priorities and procedures to protect and safeguard children in the local area, and are required to publish an annual report on the effectiveness of their arrangements.Internal analysis of multi-agency safeguarding arrangements’ annual reports and on the impact of how the ‘Working together to safeguard children 2023' statutory guidance was strengthened in 2023 is encouraging, especially regarding how safeguarding partners are implementing its requirements.Ofsted also has a vital role to play in ensuring that the settings and services that support children are safe and effective, and that children leaving care are given the right support to achieve and thrive, with 100 local authorities now rated Good or Outstanding for children’s services.Protecting children at risk of abuse and stopping vulnerable children falling through cracks in services are at the heart of the government’s landmark Children’s Wellbeing and Schools Bill, introduced on 17 December 2024.The department’s investment in reforms includes over £500 million for Family Help and child protection services. We expect Family Help to provide support where children in care may be able to return safely to their families.

If she will announce a future funding settlement for the Adoption Support Fund beyond this year.

I refer my hon. Friend, the Member for Poole to the answer of 29 January 2025 to Question 26025.

If she will take steps to ensure that a range of arts subjects are included in the national curriculum.

The current national curriculum includes art and design, music, dance within physical education and drama within English.The independent Curriculum and Assessment Review will seek to deliver a curriculum which is rich and broad, inclusive and innovative, considering how best to support a young person to develop the knowledge and skills needed to thrive. The interim report will be published in early spring and the final report will be published this autumn.

If she will update the School Food Standards and introduce compliance monitoring to (a) reflect the latest evidence based dietary guidelines on sugar and fibre (b) remove the requirement to offer meat and a dessert at every meal (c) introduce a requirement for meals to include at least two portions of vegetables and (d) include support for water only in schools.

This government is committed to raising the healthiest generation ever. It is important that children eat nutritious food at school and the department encourages schools to have a whole school approach to healthy eating.The School Food Standards (the Standards) regulate the food and drink provided at both lunchtime and at other times of the school day. They define the foods and drinks that must be provided, which foods are restricted and those which must not be provided.Compliance with the Standards is mandatory for maintained schools, academies and free schools. Governing boards have a responsibility to ensure compliance and should appropriately challenge the headteacher and the senior leadership team to ensure the school is meeting its obligations.The department’s aim is to deliver better life chances for all through a system which works for all. As part of this, as with all government programmes, we will keep our approach to the School Food Standards and compliance under continued review.

If she will make an assessment of the potential implications for her policies of the report entitled Talking about School Transition, published by the University of Manchester in April 2020.

The primary-secondary school transition is a significant milestone in a child’s life and the government recognises the importance of supporting the emotional wellbeing of children and young people during these transition periods. This is critical to high and rising standards and helping pupils to achieve and thrive in school.In health education, part of mandatory relationships, sex and health education, there is already a strong focus on mental wellbeing. The aim of teaching pupils about mental wellbeing and physical health is to give them the information they need to make good decisions about their own health and wellbeing, recognise issues in themselves and others and, when issues arise, how to seek support.The department also encourages schools to embed an effective whole school approach to mental health and wellbeing, which includes considering stages during the academic year that provide opportunities for a specific curricular focus, such as learning skills for coping with transition periods. There are a number of approaches to do this, including those focused on in the Talking about School Transition report.Beyond this, the government will expand Mental Health Support Teams (so every young person has access to early support to address problems before they escalate. We will also be putting in place new Young Futures hubs, including access to mental health support workers, and will recruit an additional 8,500 new mental health staff to treat children and adults.

What recent discussions she has had with Ofsted on the (a) availability and (b) quality of school library provision.

The department has not specifically assessed the impact of professional school librarians on pupils’ learning or outcomes. It is for individual schools to decide how best to provide and maintain a library service for their pupils, including whether to employ a qualified librarian. Headteachers have autonomy to decide how best to spend the core schools funding that is allocated to them by the department. This school funding can be used to fund librarians, school libraries and book corners.Ministers and officials have regular discussions with His Majesty’s Chief Inspector and his staff on a wide range of matters, including those relating to literacy and ensuring pupils benefit from a knowledge-rich curriculum.

Whether she has made an assessment of the potential impact of professional school librarians on pupils (a) learning and (b) outcomes.

The department has not specifically assessed the impact of professional school librarians on pupils’ learning or outcomes. It is for individual schools to decide how best to provide and maintain a library service for their pupils, including whether to employ a qualified librarian. Headteachers have autonomy to decide how best to spend the core schools funding that is allocated to them by the department. This school funding can be used to fund librarians, school libraries and book corners.Ministers and officials have regular discussions with His Majesty’s Chief Inspector and his staff on a wide range of matters, including those relating to literacy and ensuring pupils benefit from a knowledge-rich curriculum.

If she will make an assessment of the potential merits of implementing the Primary-Secondary School Transitions Emotional Wellbeing Scale being developed by the University of Manchester and the University of Dundee.

The government recognises the importance of monitoring and understanding trends in the emotional wellbeing of children and young people, including through means such the Primary-Secondary School Transitions Emotional Wellbeing Scale developed at the University of Manchester and University of Dundee.Schools are encouraged to measure pupil wellbeing to inform their whole school approach to mental health and wellbeing. It is for schools to decide how they do this to identify and meet the specific needs of pupils in their setting.

Whether her Department has plans to improve SEND information, advice and support services for families.

Under the Children and Families Act (2014), it is a legal requirement that all local authorities have a Special Educational Needs and Disability Information Advice and Support Service (SENDIASS) to ensure families are provided with the support they need to participate in discussions about their own support, such as their or their child's education, health and care plan and more strategic discussions about the wider support on offer locally, for example the special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) local offer.The department funds training and support for SENDIASS services through a contract with specialist charities which support parents and carers of children with SEND. This contract is led by Contact, a national charity who we also fund to run a national telephone helpline, offering impartial information, support and advice on SEND to families.

If she will take steps to implement dedicated SEND units in mainstream schools.

This government is committed to encouraging schools to set up special educational needs (SEN) units or resourced provision to increase capacity in mainstream schools. These are SEN provisions within mainstream schools, formally recognised by the local authority and which receive high needs funding. In December 2024, the department announced £740 million of capital investment to allow more pupils with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) to achieve and thrive in mainstream schools, including through SEN units and resourced provision. SEN units and resourced provision have an important role to play in a more inclusive mainstream system, enabling children to benefit from and remain part of mainstream education and wider school life whilst still receiving the additional support that they need. The department knows that there are many excellent examples of mainstream schools delivering specialist provision through SEN units and resourced provision and that schools and local authorities are interested in setting up more of this type of provision. We will work with the sector to increase capacity and extend best practice across the system.

What information her Department holds on the number and proportion children who started school that were not toilet trained in September 2024.

The department does not hold this information but surveys of teachers such as the most recent ‘School Readiness Survey’ conducted by Kindred2, found that one in four children start reception not toilet trained. The early years foundation stage (EYFS) statutory framework sets the standards and requirements that all registered early years providers in England must meet to ensure that children have the knowledge and skills they need to start school. The EYFS framework includes seven educational programmes, which are high level curriculum summaries, under each statutory area of learning that must shape the early years curriculum. Personal, social and emotional development (PSED) is one of the three prime areas of learning in the EYFS. Children’s PSED is crucial for children to lead healthy and happy lives and is fundamental to their cognitive development. Through adult modelling and guidance, children are expected to learn how to look after their bodies and manage personal needs independently. The EYFS Profile statistics on teacher assessments of children’s development at the end of the academic year in which children turn five shows that, in 2023/24, 82.9% of children were at the expected level of development for the PSED area of learning, further information can be found here: https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/early-years-foundation-stage-profile-results/2023-24. The department will continue to collaborate with the Department of Health and Social Care to consider what further steps can be taken to help improve the level of toilet training among children starting school.

If she will take steps to provide specialist SEND training to teachers.

The within school factor that makes the biggest difference to a young person’s educational outcome is high-quality teaching. Supporting expert teachers is therefore critical to the government’s mission to break down barriers to opportunity and boost the life chances for every child.All teachers are teachers of special education needs and disabilities (SEND), and the department is committed to ensuring that all pupils receive excellent support from their teachers.The Teachers’ Standards set clear expectations that teachers must understand the needs of all pupils, including those with SEND.Our recruitment and retention reforms will support all teachers. Consideration of SEND underpins both the Initial Teacher Training (ITT) and early career framework (ECF), and they have been designed around how to support all pupils to succeed.We recently reviewed the mandatory ITT core content framework alongside the ECF and the new framework includes significantly more content related to adaptive teaching and supporting all pupils with SEND.Headteachers use their professional judgement to identify any further training, including specific specialisms, for individual staff that is relevant to them, the school, and its pupils.All mainstream schools must have a special educational needs co-ordinator (SENCO) who must be a qualified teacher, or the head teacher, working at the school. On 1 September 2024, the department introduced a new mandatory leadership level National Professional Qualification (NPQ) for SENCOs. The NPQ will play a key role in improving outcomes for children and young people with SEND by ensuring SENCOs consistently receive high-quality, evidence-based training.To further support the needs of pupils and students with SEND, the department has funded the Universal Services programme, backed by almost £12 million. It brings together SEND-specific continuing professional development and support for schools and the further education workforce so that the needs of children and young people with SEND are met earlier and more effectively.