Written questions by Smith.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential implications for her policies on China of the case of Carmen Lau.

Upholding national security and keeping the public safe is the first duty of Government.The Government, working alongside operational partners, keeps potential threats to the UK and its residents, including from China, under constant review and, where necessary, we use all the tools at our disposal to mitigate these.Where we identify individuals at heightened risk, we are front footed in deploying protective security guidance and other measures as appropriate.Where individuals have concerns for their safety, they are advised to contact the police via 101, a local police station or dial 999 in an emergency.

What assessment she has made of the potential impact of the influence of the Chinese state on British residents.

Upholding national security and keeping the public safe is the first duty of Government.The Government, working alongside operational partners, keeps potential threats to the UK and its residents, including from China, under constant review and, where necessary, we use all the tools at our disposal to mitigate these.Where we identify individuals at heightened risk, we are front footed in deploying protective security guidance and other measures as appropriate.Where individuals have concerns for their safety, they are advised to contact the police via 101, a local police station or dial 999 in an emergency.

Whether she has made an assessment of the potential merits of introducing a pathway for British citizens by descent to upgrade citizenship status after a defined period of continuous UK residency.

The Home Office keeps all aspects of the immigration system under review. However, British nationality law is governed by the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983. There is no power in law to grant British citizenship outside of the statutory provisions of that Act 1981. Further details of all the measures announced in the White Paper will be set out in due course, and where necessary, subject to consultation.

Whether she plans to review the operation of section 3(5) of the British Nationality Act 1981.

The Home Office keeps all aspects of the immigration system under review. However, British nationality law is governed by the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983. There is no power in law to grant British citizenship outside of the statutory provisions of that Act 1981.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of cybercrime from North Korea on the UK.

The UK is one of the most digital, connected and online countries in the world. This increases our exposure to a range of cyber threats including from states, ransomware gangs, and cyber criminals. Cyber crime causes immense damage to people and businesses across the world and is a top priority for the Government.The UK is concerned around the threat DPRK poses through cyber activity, not only to cybersecurity, but to economic security and national security. The UK works closely with our allies to deter all malign actors from conducting malicious cyber activity. This includes through targeted sanctions, public attributions and working closely with partners to encourage capacity building and cyber deterrence.We have been clear that we will not tolerate malicious cyber activity. The DPRK has repeatedly acted in violation of internationally agreed cyber norms. The NCSC continues to work with partners to understand and address the risk to the UK.

What steps she is taking to improve enforcement on people riding e-scooters illegally.

Tackling anti-social behaviour is a top priority for this Government, and a key part of our Safer Streets Mission. The Government will give police the powers they need to take illegal, dangerous and antisocial vehicles off the streets for good by more quickly seizing vehicles from offenders. We will set out more information in due course.Enforcement of road traffic law, including in relation to the illegal use of e-scooters, is an operational matter for Chief Constables and Police and Crime Commissioners to decide how to deploy available resources, taking into account any specific local problems and demands.