Written questions by Toale.

What steps her Department is taking to help tackle regional inconsistencies in support services for child criminal exploitation.

Children and young people, particularly those exploited by county lines gangs, are often used to carry out criminal activity. That is why the Government is introducing a new offence of child criminal exploitation and new civil preventative orders to target those responsible for criminally exploiting children and to help ensure that children are identified as victims and receive the support and protection they need. Where a victim of child criminal exploitation also meets the definition of a victim of modern slavery, they may retain access to the statutory defence contained in section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. Impact assessments for the Crime and Policing Bill are published on gov.uk here Crime and Policing Bill 2025: impact assessments - GOV.UK.Through the Government’s County Lines Programme, we are targeting violent and exploitative drug dealing gangs to pursue violent line holders and safeguard vulnerable individuals, including women and girls. Through the Programme, we are funding Catch22’s specialist support service for victims of county lines exploitation. The service includes dedicated support for women and girls exploited through county lines to help prevent exploitation or support their safe exit. It also conducts targeted awareness raising and training to professionals on the needs and experiences of young women and girls involved in county lines.We are working across Government to drive a coordinated response to tackling the criminal exploitation of children. We will issue statutory guidance to police alongside non-statutory guidance for practitioners to support implementation of the new offences and improve identification of victims of child criminal exploitation. Our statutory and non-statutory guidance will highlight the importance of multi-agency working to support children and raise awareness and understanding of child criminal exploitation with all practitioners.The Government-funded Independent Child Trafficking Guardianship (ICTG) service provides advocacy and support to child victims of exploitation and trafficking who have been referred to the National Referral Mechanism. In September 2025, we launched the invitation-to-tender for the national contract, which will expand the service coverage from the current two-thirds of local authorities in England and Wales, to provide support to all child victims referred into the NRM in England and Wales.

Whether he plans to issue updated guidance on the use of recall in line with the recommendations of the Independent Sentence Review.

The Government accepted the Independent Sentencing Review’s recommendations on recall in principle. Further work is underway within the Department to consider how these recommendations should be implemented in practice, including decisions on whether it is appropriate to update guidance on the use of recall. These decisions will be taken over the coming months as part of our wider work to ensure that recall is used proportionately and supports both public protection and rehabilitation.

What steps her Department is taking to help ensure that national strategies on child criminal exploitation include gender-specific approaches for girls and young women.

Children and young people, particularly those exploited by county lines gangs, are often used to carry out criminal activity. That is why the Government is introducing a new offence of child criminal exploitation and new civil preventative orders to target those responsible for criminally exploiting children and to help ensure that children are identified as victims and receive the support and protection they need. Where a victim of child criminal exploitation also meets the definition of a victim of modern slavery, they may retain access to the statutory defence contained in section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. Impact assessments for the Crime and Policing Bill are published on gov.uk here Crime and Policing Bill 2025: impact assessments - GOV.UK.Through the Government’s County Lines Programme, we are targeting violent and exploitative drug dealing gangs to pursue violent line holders and safeguard vulnerable individuals, including women and girls. Through the Programme, we are funding Catch22’s specialist support service for victims of county lines exploitation. The service includes dedicated support for women and girls exploited through county lines to help prevent exploitation or support their safe exit. It also conducts targeted awareness raising and training to professionals on the needs and experiences of young women and girls involved in county lines.We are working across Government to drive a coordinated response to tackling the criminal exploitation of children. We will issue statutory guidance to police alongside non-statutory guidance for practitioners to support implementation of the new offences and improve identification of victims of child criminal exploitation. Our statutory and non-statutory guidance will highlight the importance of multi-agency working to support children and raise awareness and understanding of child criminal exploitation with all practitioners.The Government-funded Independent Child Trafficking Guardianship (ICTG) service provides advocacy and support to child victims of exploitation and trafficking who have been referred to the National Referral Mechanism. In September 2025, we launched the invitation-to-tender for the national contract, which will expand the service coverage from the current two-thirds of local authorities in England and Wales, to provide support to all child victims referred into the NRM in England and Wales.

Whether her Department has made an assessment of the potential impact of abolishing Police and Crime Commissioners on the provision of local victim support services.

We recognise the important work Police and Crime Commissioners do to commission vital support services for victims and witnesses of crime locally. We are working closely with the Ministry of Justice to establish how their existing victims’ responsibilities will operate within the new police governance system. Ensuring continuity of support for victims in the future arrangements is a key priority of our design work.We have established transition working groups to refine the design and implementation of the future governance arrangements. One of these is specifically focused on partnerships and commissioning, including victims’ responsibilities.

What assessment she has made of the potential impact of the Crime and Policing Bill on the criminalisation of children who are victims of exploitation.

Children and young people, particularly those exploited by county lines gangs, are often used to carry out criminal activity. That is why the Government is introducing a new offence of child criminal exploitation and new civil preventative orders to target those responsible for criminally exploiting children and to help ensure that children are identified as victims and receive the support and protection they need. Where a victim of child criminal exploitation also meets the definition of a victim of modern slavery, they may retain access to the statutory defence contained in section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. Impact assessments for the Crime and Policing Bill are published on gov.uk here Crime and Policing Bill 2025: impact assessments - GOV.UK.Through the Government’s County Lines Programme, we are targeting violent and exploitative drug dealing gangs to pursue violent line holders and safeguard vulnerable individuals, including women and girls. Through the Programme, we are funding Catch22’s specialist support service for victims of county lines exploitation. The service includes dedicated support for women and girls exploited through county lines to help prevent exploitation or support their safe exit. It also conducts targeted awareness raising and training to professionals on the needs and experiences of young women and girls involved in county lines.We are working across Government to drive a coordinated response to tackling the criminal exploitation of children. We will issue statutory guidance to police alongside non-statutory guidance for practitioners to support implementation of the new offences and improve identification of victims of child criminal exploitation. Our statutory and non-statutory guidance will highlight the importance of multi-agency working to support children and raise awareness and understanding of child criminal exploitation with all practitioners.The Government-funded Independent Child Trafficking Guardianship (ICTG) service provides advocacy and support to child victims of exploitation and trafficking who have been referred to the National Referral Mechanism. In September 2025, we launched the invitation-to-tender for the national contract, which will expand the service coverage from the current two-thirds of local authorities in England and Wales, to provide support to all child victims referred into the NRM in England and Wales.

What assessment he has made of the potential impact of systemic factors such as housing, mental health and employment on fixed term recalls.

The Department recognises that systemic factors such as access to stable housing, mental‑health support and employment opportunities all play an important role in people’s ability to comply with licence conditions and avoid recall. We continue to work to improve support in these areas, for example by working to embed strong joint partnership working between prisons, probation, and across Government to improve accommodation outcomes for prison leavers.

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps her Department has taken to ensure that veterinary practices are subject to effective regulation.

On 28 January, Defra launched its consultation on reform of the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 (VSA). At present, the VSA only allows voluntary accreditation of veterinary practices, which 70% of practices have agreed to. Our consultation proposes mandatory regulation of veterinary practices where each practice would need a licence to remain open. This proposal has been co-developed with key stakeholders, including the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS). Additionally, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) are finalising a market investigation into veterinary services for household pets – subject to the CMA’s final report, veterinary practices will need to be more transparent on pricing, make pricelists available and ensure owners are aware of their rights to get written prescriptions.

What steps his Department has taken to ensure that dental practices are subject to effective regulation.

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) regulates all health and social care services, including dental services in England. The commission ensures quality and safety across a range of sectors that deliver health and care to people in England.The CQC carries out assessments of primary dental services to determine if they are compliant with regulations. The CQC does not rate dental practices in the same way that it rates other healthcare services. The inspections focus on compliance with regulations and result in a ‘regulations met’ or ‘regulations not met’ judgement. Further information can be found at the following link:https://www.cqc.org.uk/guidance-regulation/providers/assessment/assessing-quality-and-performance/services-we-do-not-rateThe General Dental Council (GDC) is the independent regulator of dentistry in the UK, with the primary role of protecting patient safety and maintaining public confidence. It fulfils this role by registering qualified dental professionals, setting standards for education, training, and conduct, and investigating serious complaints regarding professionals’ fitness to practise. The GDC’s Standards for the Dental Team set out professional standards of conduct, performance, and ethics, including principles for honest and transparent business practices.

Whether his Department has made an assessment of the potential merits of extending routine NHS vaccination against Meningitis B to teenagers and first-year university students.

Policy regarding vaccination programmes is based on advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). The JCVI keeps all vaccination programmes under review, and the meningococcal sub-committee have met a number of times over the past year to discuss the meningococcal vaccination programme. The minutes of all JCVI meetings are available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/joint-committee-on-vaccination-and-immunisation#sub-committee-membership-and-minutesIn 2013, the JCVI advised that the cost-effectiveness of an adolescent Meningitis B (MenB) vaccination programme would be dependent on the impact of the vaccine on protection against meningococcal carriage, which was uncertain at the time. Recent evidence considered by the meningococcal sub-committee indicates that MenB vaccines do not protect against carriage of meningococcus serogroup B in adolescents.The sub-committee noted that when available, they would like to review a model evaluating the impact of the MenB vaccine when given in a teenage programme in a two-dose schedule, including the impact on meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea.Adolescents remain eligible for the MenACWY vaccine until their 25th birthday.

When the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation last reviewed the cost-effectiveness model for providing the Meningitis B vaccine to teenagers; and whether his Department plans to commission an updated model.

In 2013, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advised that the cost-effectiveness of an adolescent Meningitis B (MenB) vaccination programme would be dependent on the impact of the vaccine on protection against meningococcal carriage, which was uncertain at the time. Since this advice was published, the JCVI has continued to review the MenB vaccination programme. Recent evidence, discussed by the JCVI meningococcal sub-committee in March 2025, indicated that MenB vaccination in adolescents has little to no effect on meningococcal carriage.The sub-committee noted that when available, they would like to review a model evaluating the impact of MenB vaccine when given in a teenage programme in a two-dose schedule, including impact on meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea.

What recent assessment his Department has made of trends in the level of Meningitis B cases among teenagers and university students; and what steps he is taking to help reduce that level.

The UK Health Security Agency continually monitors the incidence and profile of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in England across all age groups to provide information to the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation to help inform policy decisions.The United Kingdom has a world-leading meningococcal vaccine programme, and we were the first country to introduce a national Meningitis C (MenC) vaccine programme in 1999 and an infant programme targeting Meningitis B (MenB) disease in 2015, the year in which the teenage MenACWY vaccination was also introduced.Cases of IMD in England have fallen from over 2,500 in 1998/99, before the first routine meningococcal vaccination against MenC, was introduced, to 378 cases in 2024/225. The MenACWY vaccine also stops carriage and transmission. With this high population-level control of MenACWY disease, MenB disease accounted for 313 of the 378, or 83% of, cases in 2024/25.MenB remains rare but is now the leading cause of meningococcal disease in all age groups in England, including teenagers and young adults. Further information for the 2024 to 2025 epidemiological year, running from July 2024 to June 2025, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/meningococcal-disease-laboratory-confirmed-cases-in-england-2024-to-2025

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she is taking to ensure clearer information on welfare standards in food labelling.

The UK maintains high standards on the information that is provided on food labels so that consumers can have confidence in the food that they buy. All food sold on the UK market must comply with food labelling rules, which include the requirement for specific information to be presented in a specific way. An underpinning rule of existing legislation is that food information, whether it be mandatory or is provided voluntarily, must not mislead. We are considering the potential role of method of production labelling reform as part of the ongoing development of the Government’s wider animal welfare strategy.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether she plans to introduce mandatory method of production labelling for (a) chicken and (b) other livestock products.

The UK maintains high standards on the information that is provided on food labels so that consumers can have confidence in the food that they buy. All food sold on the UK market must comply with food labelling rules, which include the requirement for specific information to be presented in a specific way. An underpinning rule of existing legislation is that food information, whether it be mandatory or is provided voluntarily, must not mislead. We are considering the potential role of method of production labelling reform as part of the ongoing development of the Government’s wider animal welfare strategy.

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she is taking to prevent low-welfare producers from evading labelling requirements.

The UK maintains high standards on the information that is provided on food labels so that consumers can have confidence in the food that they buy. All food sold on the UK market must comply with food labelling rules, which include the requirement for specific information to be presented in a specific way. An underpinning rule of existing legislation is that food information, whether it be mandatory or is provided voluntarily, must not mislead. We are considering the potential role of method of production labelling reform as part of the ongoing development of the Government’s wider animal welfare strategy.

What steps his Department has taken to ensure the McCloud Pension Remedy for Armed Forces veterans will be implemented in time for March 2026.

I refer the hon. Member to the answer I gave on 20 October 2025 to Question 80011.

If she will provide an update on the Government’s plans to address pavement parking; and if she will set out a timetable for when local authorities will be given further powers to tackle this issue.

The Department has been considering all the views expressed in response to the 2020 pavement parking consultation and is currently working through the policy options and the appropriate means of delivering them. We will announce the next steps and publish our formal response as soon as possible. Local authorities can make use of Traffic Regulation Order powers to manage pavement parking.

What assessment she has made of the adequacy of protective security measures for (a) churches and (b) other places of worship which have experienced (i) vandalism and (ii) intimidation.

This Government is committed to protecting the right of individuals to freely practise their religion at their chosen place of worship, and to making our streets and communities safer.The Home Office continues to assess and respond to the security needs of places of worship through our protective security schemes for faith communities.In 2025/26, up to £70.9 million is available to protect faith communities. This includes £18 million through the Jewish Community Protective Security Grant, £29.4 million through the Protective Security for Mosques Scheme and for security at Muslim faith schools, and £3.5 million for the places of worship and associated faith community centres of all other faiths.Up to £10 million of additional emergency funding has also been made available for protective security for both Jewish and Muslim communities to further strengthen security measures at their places of worship and other community sites.The Government remains in close contact with law enforcement partners to ensure that protective security measures remain effective and responsive to emerging threats.

What steps her Department is taking to ensure that (a) Christian, (b) Muslim, (c) Jewish and (d) other faith communities are able to access timely security support in instances where they are targeted by extremist or far-right activity.

In 2025/26, up to £70.9 million is available to protect faith communities. This includes £18 million through the Jewish Community Protective Security Grant, £29.4 million through the Protective Security for Mosques scheme and for security at Muslim faith schools, and £3.5 million for the places of worship and associated faith community centres of all other faiths. In addition, up to £10 million of emergency funding has been made available for both Jewish and Muslim communities each to further strengthen security measures at their places of worship and other community sites.In response to public disorder in August 2024, the Home Office introduced a rapid protective security response process as a temporary measure for places of worship at risk of imminent violent disorder or in the immediate aftermath of such an incident. We provided security to over 700 places of worship during this period.This Government is committed to protecting the right of individuals to freely practise their religion at their chosen place of worship, and to making our streets and communities safer.

What steps her Department is taking to support (a) police forces and (b) councils in responding to hate-motivated vandalism of places of worship.

The Government is determined to tackle all forms of hate crime wherever in the country it occurs, and whoever is responsible for committing it. We are actively seeking to ensure the safety and protection of all individuals and communities across England and Wales.In 2025/26, up to £70.9 million is available to protect faith communities. This includes £18 million through the Jewish Community Protective Security Grant, £29.4 million through the Protective Security for Mosques scheme and for security at Muslim faith schools, and £3.5 million for the places of worship and associated faith community centres of all other faiths. In addition, up to £10 million of emergency funding has been made available for both Jewish and Muslim communities each to further strengthen security measures at their places of worship and other community sites.

How many offenders convicted of sexual offences did not have a custody photograph on police record in each of the last five years.

Voluntary interviews are used to question a person who is not under arrest about their suspected involvement in a criminal offence, particularly in cases where the legal threshold for arrest is not met. The decision to voluntarily interview a suspect rests with the police and there are a number of factors which must be considered when making this decision including the needs of the investigation, the necessity to arrest, potential vulnerability of the suspect, and any relevant risk factors. Where the statutory conditions for arrest are met, police should always consider whether voluntary interview or arrest would be the most appropriate approach.The Home Office is aware of concerns raised about the use of voluntary attendance and the impact of this on the taking and retention of custody photographs and biometrics. Work is underway to ensure voluntary attendance is used appropriately by the police, especially in relation to sexual offences and options are being considered to increase capture of custody images and biometrics in future.It is important to note that nothing in law or in the relevant statutory codes of practice prevents police from photographing suspects who attend for a voluntary interview, although force may not be used to achieve this while the suspect is not under arrest. The National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) provides guidance to forces on voluntary interviews which makes clear that it is good practice to photograph suspects attending voluntarily, not least because the photograph may be required for further confirmation of identity if the suspect is subsequently required to return to the police station for biometric samples (fingerprints and DNA), to be recorded after charge or conviction.The Home Office collects and publishes data on police custody and voluntary interviews as part of the ‘Police Powers and Procedures’ statistical series, available here: Police powers and procedures England and Wales statistics - GOV.UK However this data set does not include statistics on the number of suspects whose photographs are taken in custody.