Written questions by Asato.

Whether her Department plans to take steps to help minimise the potential impact of prosecutions for child truancy from school on mothers.

Absence is one of the biggest barriers to success for children and young people. Missing school regularly is harmful to a child’s attainment, safety and physical and mental health, limiting their opportunity to succeed. This government is committed to improving school attendance through our ‘support-first’ approach which seeks to foster strong relationships between families, schools, local authorities and other relevant local services. This ensures that support is made available at an early stage to help children to improve their school attendance. This approach is set out in our statutory attendance guidance, which can be accessed here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-together-to-improve-school-attendance.Schools, local authorities and other partners should always work together to understand and remove the barriers to attendance. The guidance, which came into effect last August, specifically underlines the importance of working in partnership with families. It also details when Notices to Improve should be issued as a final opportunity for a parent to engage in support and improve attendance before legal intervention is pursued.The decision to prosecute rests solely with the local authority, but paragraph 164 of the guidance sets out factors for their consideration, including public interest tests and equalities considerations.The department’s attendance guidance is based on best practice and was introduced following full public consultation.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of prosecutions for child truancy from school on mothers.

Absence is one of the biggest barriers to success for children and young people. Missing school regularly is harmful to a child’s attainment, safety and physical and mental health, limiting their opportunity to succeed. This government is committed to improving school attendance through our ‘support-first’ approach which seeks to foster strong relationships between families, schools, local authorities and other relevant local services. This ensures that support is made available at an early stage to help children to improve their school attendance. This approach is set out in our statutory attendance guidance, which can be accessed here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-together-to-improve-school-attendance.Schools, local authorities and other partners should always work together to understand and remove the barriers to attendance. The guidance, which came into effect last August, specifically underlines the importance of working in partnership with families. It also details when Notices to Improve should be issued as a final opportunity for a parent to engage in support and improve attendance before legal intervention is pursued.The decision to prosecute rests solely with the local authority, but paragraph 164 of the guidance sets out factors for their consideration, including public interest tests and equalities considerations.The department’s attendance guidance is based on best practice and was introduced following full public consultation.

What assessment her Department has made of the effectiveness of non-attendance sanctions.

This government is committed to tackling school absence, including through our attendance guidance, our national enforcement framework and engagement with schools, local authorities and the third sector.The ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance was developed following government consultation and using effective practice from within the sector. It built on what schools, trusts and local authorities were already successfully doing to improve attendance, particularly in above-average areas of deprivation.The guidance was first published in 2022 in non-statutory form to give schools and local authorities time to embed the expectations. Since the guidance was published, attendance hubs have offered support to around 2,000 schools to improve their attendance practice, and every local authority in the country has been offered attendance adviser support to help them implement the expectations. Prior to the guidance becoming statutory, a large majority of leaders reported that they either knew a bit about the guidance or were familiar with the details, and almost all of them reported that their school monitors pupil attendance data. A majority of leaders said that their school has a single point of contact at the local authority, and at least half said they hold targeting support meetings with them.An updated statutory version of the guidance was published in August 2024, and the department will keep its effectiveness under review. Since August 2024, every state-funded school is required to share its attendance data, which is published every fortnight. Thanks to the hard work of the sector, we have seen positive initial progress in attendance rates, although there is further to go. The latest published statistics show that the rate of persistent absence (pupils who miss 10% or more of their possible sessions) was 18.6% over the current academic year, which is a 2.0 percentage point improvement compared to the equivalent point last academic year.We recognise the valuable role that third-sector organisations can play in supporting families of pupils with barriers to attendance and in tackling the root causes of low attendance. Our ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance is clear that both schools and local authorities should work with the voluntary and community sector, amongst other partners, in removing the barriers to attendance that families experience and in facilitating multi-disciplinary support.The guidance promotes a support-first model and is clear that all partners should always work together to understand the barriers to attendance. However, where that support is not successful, not appropriate (for example, term-time holidays), or not engaged with, the law protects pupils’ right to an education. The guidance outlines a role for legal intervention based on effective practice within the sector. In a public consultation in 2022, 71% of local authority employees and 59% of school and academy trust employees and governors or trustees strongly or somewhat agreed with the proposed national thresholds for the circumstances in which a penalty notice must be considered, which were subsequently adopted last August.

What steps her Department plans to take to help students studying classroom-based electrical technical diplomas transition into the electrical workforce.

The department is looking at ways of improving the transition rate from further education (FE) courses into construction sector jobs. This includes through the defunding of low-quality courses through the qualifications review.The department is also working to find ways to narrow the practical experience gap that the industry reports is preventing them from employing people directly after achieving an FE qualification. We will likely need alternative bridging provision for some occupations for those completing FE courses. We are working with the Construction Industry Training Board (CITB) and competency bodies to improve the learner journey and bridge the gap between achieving qualifications and being competent to begin work.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of work by third-sector organisations to (a) support families of children struggling with school attendance and (b) tackle the root causes of low school attendance.

This government is committed to tackling school absence, including through our attendance guidance, our national enforcement framework and engagement with schools, local authorities and the third sector.The ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance was developed following government consultation and using effective practice from within the sector. It built on what schools, trusts and local authorities were already successfully doing to improve attendance, particularly in above-average areas of deprivation.The guidance was first published in 2022 in non-statutory form to give schools and local authorities time to embed the expectations. Since the guidance was published, attendance hubs have offered support to around 2,000 schools to improve their attendance practice, and every local authority in the country has been offered attendance adviser support to help them implement the expectations. Prior to the guidance becoming statutory, a large majority of leaders reported that they either knew a bit about the guidance or were familiar with the details, and almost all of them reported that their school monitors pupil attendance data. A majority of leaders said that their school has a single point of contact at the local authority, and at least half said they hold targeting support meetings with them.An updated statutory version of the guidance was published in August 2024, and the department will keep its effectiveness under review. Since August 2024, every state-funded school is required to share its attendance data, which is published every fortnight. Thanks to the hard work of the sector, we have seen positive initial progress in attendance rates, although there is further to go. The latest published statistics show that the rate of persistent absence (pupils who miss 10% or more of their possible sessions) was 18.6% over the current academic year, which is a 2.0 percentage point improvement compared to the equivalent point last academic year.We recognise the valuable role that third-sector organisations can play in supporting families of pupils with barriers to attendance and in tackling the root causes of low attendance. Our ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance is clear that both schools and local authorities should work with the voluntary and community sector, amongst other partners, in removing the barriers to attendance that families experience and in facilitating multi-disciplinary support.The guidance promotes a support-first model and is clear that all partners should always work together to understand the barriers to attendance. However, where that support is not successful, not appropriate (for example, term-time holidays), or not engaged with, the law protects pupils’ right to an education. The guidance outlines a role for legal intervention based on effective practice within the sector. In a public consultation in 2022, 71% of local authority employees and 59% of school and academy trust employees and governors or trustees strongly or somewhat agreed with the proposed national thresholds for the circumstances in which a penalty notice must be considered, which were subsequently adopted last August.

What steps her Department is taking to calculate the number of experienced adult learners undertaking electrical training via the (a) experienced worker route and (b) an equivalent national vocational qualification.

Adult, those aged over 19 years old, government-funded further education and skills learning in England is recorded on the individualised learner record and published in the ‘Further education and skills’ statistics publication. In the 2023/24 academic year, there were 33 adult education and training learning aim enrolments on the level 3 Electrotechnical Experienced Worker Qualification. There were 3,017 enrolments on other level 3 learning aims that are electrical-related. It should be noted that: (1) Aim enrolments are a count of enrolments at aim level. Learners will be counted for each aim they are studying and so can be counted more than once.(2) Learners that are self-funding will not be included.(3) Electrical-related learning aims are identified as those with ‘Electric’ or ‘Electro’ in the title. The ‘Electrotechnical Experienced Worker Qualification’ is the aim awarded by City & Guilds. There may be other relevant learning aims that are not readily identifiable as related to the electrical profession that are not included here.(4) The department does not hold information on how much prior experience of the electrical trade that learners taking these aims have.

What assessment she has made of the potential implications for her policies of the charity School-Home Support report entitled Strengthening the bridge between home and school, published on 26 November 2024; and whether she intends to investigate the issues raised in the report.

This government is determined to tackle the generational challenge of school absence, which is a fundamental barrier to learning and life chances. Missing school regularly is harmful to a child’s attainment, safety and physical and mental health, limiting their opportunities to succeed.The ‘Strengthening the bridge between home and school’ report, published by School-Home Support in November 2024, gives an overview of some of the complex factors which affect school attendance.We recognise that the barriers to attending regularly can be wide and complex, both within and beyond the school gates, and are often specific to individual pupils and families. Improving attendance must be everyone’s mission. This is why, in August 2024, the department made its ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance statutory, which promotes a ‘support first’ approach and sets out clear expectations for schools, trusts, and local authorities to work together to tackle absence.Families of children with attendance issues should receive multi-agency support to help resolve complex out-of-school barriers that might affect their attendance, such as housing, transport or mental ill health. This should be from the team or service best placed to support the family and their needs, which may be the school, a local authority team or service, or another statutory partner, such as a health professional. For example, in the case of a pupil experiencing barriers to attendance because of a housing issue, the lead practitioner may more sensibly be the family’s housing officer.Schools can also allocate pupil premium funding, which has now increased to over £2.9 billion for the 2024/25 financial year, to support disadvantaged pupils with identified needs to attend school regularly.The department’s work to support school attendance is also supported by broader investments, including funded breakfast clubs for all primary schools to ensure children start their day ready to learn. We are also working across government on plans to provide access to specialist mental health professionals in every school, new Young Futures Hubs, including access to mental health support workers, and an additional 8,500 new mental health staff to treat children and adults.In addition to this work, the department is also providing tangible direct support for pupils who struggle with their attendance through our attendance mentor programmes. Over £17 million is being invested across two mentoring projects that will support at least 12,000 pupils in 15 areas. The mentoring pilots are designed to work with pupils to tackle individual causes of persistent absence. These programmes are being rigorously evaluated, and the effective practice that we develop will be shared with schools and local authorities nationally.

What assessment she has made of the effectiveness of the implementation across (a) schools and (b) local authorities of its working together to improve school attendance guidance; and whether she has plans to review the guidance.

This government is committed to tackling school absence, including through our attendance guidance, our national enforcement framework and engagement with schools, local authorities and the third sector.The ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance was developed following government consultation and using effective practice from within the sector. It built on what schools, trusts and local authorities were already successfully doing to improve attendance, particularly in above-average areas of deprivation.The guidance was first published in 2022 in non-statutory form to give schools and local authorities time to embed the expectations. Since the guidance was published, attendance hubs have offered support to around 2,000 schools to improve their attendance practice, and every local authority in the country has been offered attendance adviser support to help them implement the expectations. Prior to the guidance becoming statutory, a large majority of leaders reported that they either knew a bit about the guidance or were familiar with the details, and almost all of them reported that their school monitors pupil attendance data. A majority of leaders said that their school has a single point of contact at the local authority, and at least half said they hold targeting support meetings with them.An updated statutory version of the guidance was published in August 2024, and the department will keep its effectiveness under review. Since August 2024, every state-funded school is required to share its attendance data, which is published every fortnight. Thanks to the hard work of the sector, we have seen positive initial progress in attendance rates, although there is further to go. The latest published statistics show that the rate of persistent absence (pupils who miss 10% or more of their possible sessions) was 18.6% over the current academic year, which is a 2.0 percentage point improvement compared to the equivalent point last academic year.We recognise the valuable role that third-sector organisations can play in supporting families of pupils with barriers to attendance and in tackling the root causes of low attendance. Our ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ guidance is clear that both schools and local authorities should work with the voluntary and community sector, amongst other partners, in removing the barriers to attendance that families experience and in facilitating multi-disciplinary support.The guidance promotes a support-first model and is clear that all partners should always work together to understand the barriers to attendance. However, where that support is not successful, not appropriate (for example, term-time holidays), or not engaged with, the law protects pupils’ right to an education. The guidance outlines a role for legal intervention based on effective practice within the sector. In a public consultation in 2022, 71% of local authority employees and 59% of school and academy trust employees and governors or trustees strongly or somewhat agreed with the proposed national thresholds for the circumstances in which a penalty notice must be considered, which were subsequently adopted last August.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential merits of introducing school-based whole family support practitioners to support the SEND system.

This government wants to create a high-quality system that places children and families at the centre of its design, providing meaningful and consistent support for families as their needs change over time. Schools, colleges, early years and childcare settings, and other educational providers, including alternative provision, all have a pivotal role to play in safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. Their insight and co-operation are vital to the successful delivery of multi-agency safeguarding arrangements. People working in education settings play an important role in building relationships, identifying concerns and providing direct support to children. The Children’s Social Care National Framework sets out the purpose, principles and enablers of good practice and the outcomes that should be achieved. The guidance describes what everyone working with families should do and helps everyone come together with a clear vision for how to transform the support that families receive. Services should prioritise supporting the whole family, recognising that problems do not exist in silos and are often interconnected and intergenerational. Intervening to provide support at the earliest opportunity can help prevent challenges from escalating and improve outcomes. Family hubs play an important role helping families access vital services to improve the health, education and wellbeing of children, young people and their families. As part of the family hubs’ ‘Start for Life’ programme, there are now over 400 family hubs open across 88 local authorities, creating a welcoming place where families with children aged 0 to 19, or up to 25 with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), can be connected to a wide range of services. Programme guidance outlines the minimum expectation that local authorities should be delivering in their family hubs for SEND support Family Hub Service Expectations.This support includes the staff in the family hub being knowledgeable about the SEND services available and being able to connect families to SEND services within the family hub network. Over the last three years, many of the local authorities on the programme have chosen to focus on improving SEND services, bringing local offers together in one place and funding early identification/intervention on speech, language and communication needs.

What assessment she has made of the potential implications for her policies of the report by the Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel, published on 26 November 2024; and what steps she is taking to include

This government is committed to keeping children safe and to breaking the link between young people’s backgrounds and their success. Reforming children’s social care is critical to giving hundreds of thousands of children and young people the start in lif...

If she will make an assessment of the potential merits of introducing a statutory minimum fee framework for foster carers.

I pay tribute to the vital efforts of foster carers, who carry out a challenging role that requires skill, dedication and love. Our policy statement, ‘Keeping Children Safe, Helping Families Thrive’ sets out our plans to recruit and retain more foster car...

If her Department will make an assessment of the potential merits of recognising (a) non-formal and (b) experiential learning alongside academic achievements in the curriculum review.

The Curriculum and Assessment Review (CAR) is being independently conducted by a group of education leaders (the review group) and chaired by Professor Becky Francis CBE. The Terms of Reference were published in July 2024.The review has been asked to cons...