Written questions by Morello.

Food and Rural Affairs, what support is available to help homeowners with private sewage systems to meet environmental standards.

In some cases involving more than one property, and where the other qualifying criteria set out in the legislation and associated Ministerial guidance are met, the relevant sewerage undertaker may have a duty to provide and pay for a new public sewer to serve those properties under s101A, Water Industry Act 1991. There is no other financial help available nationally, either through the Environment Agency or directly from the Government, for improvements needed to comply with the requirements of the Environmental Permitting Regulations relating to private sewerage systems. Recognising the costs involved, the EA seek to agree a reasonable timescale for improvements to be made with the owner of the affected property, usually within 1 year, although this may be agreed on a case-by-case basis. There are some local schemes in place which offer support for the replacement of existing private sewerage systems in certain circumstances however, such as through United Utilities’ bespoke performance commitment relating to private sewerage systems around Windermere.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department plans to introduce a replacement scheme following the closure of the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme.

We have closed Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) for new applications because the current SFI budget has been successfully allocated, with large-scale uptake of the scheme and 37,000 live SFI agreements delivering towards our environmental targets. Now is the right time for a reset: supporting farmers, delivering for nature and targeting public funds fairly and effectively towards our priorities for food, farming and nature. We will be reforming the SFI offer to direct funding towards SFI actions which are most appropriate for the least productive land and have the strongest case for enduring public investment. This will allow us to align SFI with our work on the Land Use Framework and the 25-year farming roadmap to protect the most productive land and boost food security, whilst delivering for nature. A budget will be set for the coming year in the Chancellor’s spending review. Now the scheme is fully allocated it will temporarily close to new applicants while we will work with the farming sector to prioritise funding for future years so we can target those who will benefit most before reopening to new applicants. We expect to publish more information about the reformed SFI offer in summer 2025. This will include an indication of when we expect to re-open SFI for applications.

Food and Rural Affairs, if he will make an estimate of the number of farms that hadn't applied to the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme before its closure in West Dorset constituency.

Our recent published statistics on area under agri-environment schemes can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/area-under-agri-environment-schemes-in-england-2024/area-under-agri-environment-schemes-in-england-at-31st-december-2024 They show that 58% of Dorset land parcel area (which approximates the eligible area) was under SFI agreements. In January 2025, there were 1,400 SFI23 and 400 SFI expanded offer agreements in the ITL2 area of Dorset and Somerset.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether the replacement scheme for the Sustainable Farming Incentive will be (a) index-linked to inflation and (a) provide greater financial support than the SFI scheme.

Prices in schemes have increased in the last 3 years to reflect inflation and pay a fair price for action. The overall budget has been set in the context of the Spending Review and is sufficient to continue rolling out schemes and paying farmers as planned this year. The budget for future years will be set in phase 2 of the Spending Review. We will provide further details about the reformed SFI offer following the Spending Review.

Food and Rural Affairs, if he will make an assessment of the potential impact of the timing of the closure of the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme on farmers.

We publish regular statistics on Farm Business Income. Farming evidence packs for example have been recently updated including key statistics and farm performance. These set out an extensive range of data to provide an overview of agriculture in the UK. We will continue to carry out appropriate and timely assessments of our interventions to inform policy development. On the 11th of March 2025 we published forecasts which suggest that average Farm Business Income has risen in 2024/25 across all farm types with the exception of cereal farms. This follows a fall in income for most farm types in 2023/24, after some exceptional highs in the two preceding years. For all farm types, except for Cereals, expected reductions in Direct Payments have been completely offset by projected increases in other Farm Business Income components in 2024/25. 50,000 farm businesses are already in agri-environmental schemes. We will open up initial applications for Countryside Stewardship Higher tier and a revised Environmental Land Management capital grants offer later in the Summer.

Food and Rural Affairs, for what reasons his Department decided to (a) announce the closure of and (b) close the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme to new applicants on the same day.

This Government has committed £5 billion over 2 years to sustainable farming and nature recovery and we’ve worked hard to get as many farmers into environmental land management schemes as possible. The Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) now has more than 37,000 multi-year live agreements and is not only delivering sustainable food production and nature’s recovery for today and the years ahead, but it is also putting money back into farmers’ pockets. With record numbers of farm businesses in farming schemes and the sustainable farming budget successfully allocated, we have stopped accepting new applications for SFI. This high uptake of the scheme means it is fully subscribed. The decision to close the scheme to new applications was taken at that point.  We could not give any advance notice because we needed to ensure fair access to the scheme and avoid creating a sudden increase in the level of demand.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department is taking steps to support farmers who did not apply for the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme before its closure.

This Government is proud to have secured the largest budget for sustainable food production in our country’s history, with £5 billion being spent to support farmers over a two-year period. Following the announcement that Defra has closed SFI for the submission of new applications, outstanding eligible applications that have been submitted will be processed. SFI is an important offer, but it is part of a wider package. We remain committed to investing in agri-environment schemes. We plan to launch the new Higher Tier scheme later this year; Capital Grants will re-open in summer 2025; we continue to move forward with Landscape Recovery; and we are increasing payment rates for Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) agreement holders to recognise their ongoing commitment to delivering environmental outcome. Funding from the farming budget also supports the provision of advice within the sector. The Farming Advice Service can assist farmers to review what advice and guidance is available to meet their business needs.

Food and Rural Affairs, if he will make an estimate of the number of farms that had not applied for the Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme before its closure.

On 31st December 2024, SFI23 agreements covered 39% of the utilised agricultural area (UAA) of England, and SFI expanded offer agreements a further 4%. Approximately 64% of the UAA of England was under an agri-environment scheme. Approximately 30% of the 100,000 active farm businesses registered with the RPA had SFI agreements as of the 1st of January 2025. Approximately 50% of farm businesses have an agri-environment agreement.

Food and Rural Affairs, if his Department will make an estimate of the number of farms that did not apply for the Sustainable Farming Incentive before its closure.

On 31st December 2024, SFI23 agreements covered 39% of the utilised agricultural area (UAA) of England, and SFI expanded offer agreements a further 4%. Approximately 64% of the UAA of England was under an agri-environment scheme. Approximately 30% of the 100,000 active farm businesses registered with the RPA had SFI agreements as of the 1st of January 2025. Approximately 50% of farm businesses have an agri-environment agreement.

Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment his Department has made of the potential impact of the closure of the Sustainable Farming Incentive on the viability of family farms.

50,000 farm businesses are already in agri-environmental schemes. We will open up initial applications for Countryside Stewardship Higher tier and a revised Environmental Land Management capital grants offer later in the Summer. On the 11th of March 2025 we published forecasts which suggest that Average Farm Business Income has risen in 2024/25 across all farm types with the exception of cereal farms. This follows a fall in income for most farm types in 2023/24, after some exceptional highs in the two preceding years. For all farm types, except for Cereals, expected reductions in Direct Payments have been completely offset by projected increases in other Farm Business Income components in 2024/25.

Food and Rural Affairs, what recent discussions his Department has had with Wessex Water on improving sewage infrastructure to prevent discharges at (a) Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff beach.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment he has made of the potential impact of limiting protections within designated (a) Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and (b) National Parks on the tourism sector.

This Government is committed to retaining the existing protections in national planning policy for National Parks, National Landscapes and The Broads (Protected Landscapes). We have committed to supporting our Protected Landscapes to become greener, wilder and more accessible for all. In delivering on this commitment we will consider impacts on all sectors, including tourism, businesses and communities.

Food and Rural Affairs, what recent assessment his Department has made of the potential impact of sewage discharges at (a) Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff beach on (i) public health (ii) local businesses and (iii) marine ecology.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department plans to provide additional funding for local authorities to help tackle the impact of sewage pollution on (a) Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff beach.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department has issued recent enforcement actions against water companies for sewage discharges at (a)Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff beach.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps his Department is taking to help reduce the impact of combined sewer overflows on water quality at (a) Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment his Department has made of trends in the level of sewage discharges from combined sewer overflows at (a) Charmouth West Stream and (b) Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach in the last 12 months.

For too long, water companies have discharged unacceptable levels of sewage into our rivers, lakes and seas. It is the responsibility of water companies to invest in infrastructure and other improvements to reduce untreated wastewater pollution incidents. The Price Review 24 programme, which runs from 2025-2030, will see Wessex Water investing £580 million to reduce the use of storm overflows. This investment includes the following actions to protect the River Lim and Church Cliff bathing water in Lyme Regis: Uplyme sewage treatment works and Gun Cliff sewage pumping station will be fitted with certified flow monitoring equipment,Improvements to Uplyme storm sewage tanks,Improvements to the Cobb sewage pumping station,Two combined sewage overflows (CSO) are to be investigated and assessed in relation to the possible impact on water quality,Five further CSOs to be improved to meet the bathing water standard of no more than 2 spills per bathing seasonAn investigation will be undertaken to confirm the benefits of these works for Church Cliff beach. There are no improvements identified in the Price Review 24 programme specifically for the West Stream in Charmouth. The Environment Agency (EA) is not currently pursuing any enforcement action in the Charmouth Lyme Regis area. However, water company assets in the Char and Lim catchments may be inspected as part of the EA’s new water industry regulation inspection programme. The EA will continue to monitor all this work to ensure the quality of the River Lim and Church Cliff beach further improves. Full details of the storm water overflows in the area are available here and information on Lyme Regis Church Cliff Beach is available here.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department has had discussions with the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization on measures to protect Atlantic salmon from industrial by-catch in the North Norwegian Sea.

Defra is working with the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation (NASCO) to better understand the risk of salmon bycatch in commercial pelagic fisheries, including the North Norwegian Sea.

Food and Rural Affairs, if his Department will take steps to ensure that (a) the River Frome and (b) other chalk streams outside of designated protected landscapes receive equal consideration for (i) conservation and (ii) restoration.

This Government is committed to the restoration of our cherished chalk streams. With 85% of the world’s chalk streams found in the UK, these unique water bodies are not just vital ecosystems but a symbol of our national heritage. The Government is committed to restoring our rivers, lakes and seas, including chalk streams. This is why on 23 October 2024 the UK and Welsh Governments launched an independent commission, led by Sir Jon Cunliffe and supported by expert advisors, to recommend reforms to reset the water sector regulatory system. The commission aims to build consensus for a resilient and innovative water sector and a robust wider regulatory framework that will deliver long-term benefits to ultimately serve both customers and the environment. The main pressures on the Dorset Frome are point-source and diffuse pollution, historic land use and water management changes such as weirs and channel straightening, and water resources balance. The Environment Agency is working with partners in the Frome Headwaters catchment this year to further understand and address some of these issues with a focus on reducing fine sediment input and improving habitat.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether his Department plans to review the regulatory framework governing Southern Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority to improve protections for Atlantic salmon entering Poole Harbour.

Defra is not planning to review the regulatory framework for Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities (IFCAs). IFCAs already have a duty to manage inshore fisheries sustainably, balancing socioeconomic factors with protecting the marine environment, including Atlantic salmon. Southern IFCA have published a Salmonid Good Handling Code of Practice and introduced a Net Fishing Byelaw in 2023, both of which help to protect salmon in Poole Harbour.