Written questions by Stephenson.

Pursuant to the Answer of 10 September 2025 to Question 74254, what steps she will take to (a) speed up and (b) scale the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels.

The Government is working at pace to deliver greener aviation as a key enabler of Government’s missions to kickstart economic growth and make Britain a clean energy superpower.The UK plays a key role on coordinated international action through ICAO and forging strong bilateral partnerships to scale SAF technologies and markets. We were one of the first countries in the world to introduce a SAF mandate and a wide range of SAF projects are underway across the UK, using different technologies and progressing through various stages of development.We are working to speed up and scale up the production of SAF in the UK through the Advanced Fuels Fund and the Revenue Certainty Mechanism. The Advanced Fuels Fund provides funding to first-of-a-kind commercial and demonstration-scale SAF projects in the UK, helping speed up the development and scale up of new technologies and projects. We are also currently legislating for a Revenue Certainty Mechanism. This will help UK-based SAF projects attract investment and start producing SAF at commercial scale more quickly.The UK’s expertise in petrochemicals, jet fuel, and engineering positions it as a prime location for SAF production and we are confident that our policies can make the UK a world leader in SAF production and use. This will create high-skilled green jobs, attract investment, drive growth, boost fuel security, and open export opportunities. Low-carbon fuel production could support up to 15,000 UK jobs by 2050.

What steps she is taking to tackle the illegal usage of e-scooters.

Enforcement of illegal e-scooter use is a matter for the police and there are a range of motoring offences and penalties that can be used, such as criminal prosecution, points on the user’s driving licence, and having the e-scooter seized. The Government has committed to pursuing legislative reform for micromobility vehicles, which will likely include e-scooters, when parliamentary time allows. This will help the police to crack down on those who use them in an unlawful or irresponsible way.

Whether her Department has carried out a value for money analysis of the Electric Car Grant.

Yes, the Department has completed an internal value for money assessment for the Electric Car Grant. Officials will continue to monitor the grant, and assess its value for money, to ensure taxpayers’ money is spent in a cost-effective manner.

Whether she has made an assessment of the potential impact of rural roads on self-driving vehicles.

The Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (AV Act) sets out a comprehensive legal framework with safety at its core.The Act introduces a new authorisation process that will test self-driving capability and identify a corporation to be held accountable for vehicles behaviour. Companies applying to authorise their vehicle under the AV Act will have to set out the area in which the vehicle intends to operate, known as the operational design domain (ODD). This could include the area or road type the vehicle intends to operate in, such as motorways or rural roads.During the authorisation process, it must be demonstrated that the vehicle is capable of operating to the safety standard required in all areas of the planned deployment.We recognise the opportunities automated vehicles can bring in providing new freedoms to those who may be unable to drive. For example, through improving transport links in rural and isolated areas.

With reference to the press release entitled Cutting-edge rail ticket technology to be trialled across the Midlands and North, published on 1 September 2025, for what reason East Midlands Rail and Northern were selected for that trial.

The routes in the East Midlands and Yorkshire operated by East Midlands Railway and Northern were selected as being areas of the rail network that do not have existing or planned Pay-As-You-Go schemes and with large enough passenger numbers to give statistically significant results, a significant commuter demographic, and where existing fares structures supported trial delivery.

With reference to the press release entitled Cutting-edge rail ticket technology to be trialled across the Midlands and North, published on 1 September 2025, how she plans to measure the success of that trial.

An independent evaluation of the Digital Pay-As-You-Go trials, including the one on East Midlands Railway between Leicester, Derby and Nottingham, has been commissioned. The trial is currently expected to end in 2027, and we intend to publish the findings in due course.

If she has made an estimate of the number of food delivery drivers who operate on a provisional motorcycle driving license.

Around 180,000 compulsory basic training (CBT) certificates are issued by the motorcycle instructor training industry per year. Neither the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency nor the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency hold data on the professions of those holding a provisional motorcycle driving license.

With reference to the press release entitled £1 billion backed renewal of broken bridges, ruined roads and tired tunnels and new Thames Crossing cash, published on 16 June 2025, whether it is her Department’s policy that all weight-restricted bridges should be able to take HGVs.

The Structures Fund will inject cash into repairing run down bridges, decaying flyovers and worn-out tunnels. It offers an opportunity to support places to repair local bridges that currently have weight restrictions placed on them so that these restrictions can be lifted and bridges re-opened to HGV traffic.However, it is not Department for Transport policy for absolutely all weight restricted bridges to be able to take HGVs. Whether to introduce a weight limit on a structure is a decision for the relevant local highway authority and will depend on local circumstances. For example, it may not be appropriate or possible for some historic bridges or those with protected status to carry these kinds of vehicles.We will publish more information about the Structures Fund and how local areas can get involved in due course.

How Great British Railways will work with (a) Mayoral transport agencies and (b) Transport for London.

Great British Railways (GBR) will work in partnership with Mayoral Strategic Authorities (MSAs) and their transport agencies to ensure local priorities are reflected in rail planning and delivery. These partnerships will enable closer integration with local transport networks while balancing local influence with GBR’s responsibility for the wider regional and national network.GBR will also maintain and strengthen collaborative arrangements with Transport for London (TfL), recognising its role in operating London Overground and Elizabeth Line services on the national network and supporting seamless journeys across modes.

With reference to the press release entitled First-time buyers to benefit from 40,000 new homes on brownfield railway land, published on 30 June 2025, whether these properties will be earmarked for first-time buyers.

First time buyers will be amongst those to benefit from the 40,000 homes unlocked over the next decade on a mix of surplus Department for Transport land and third-party land. Platform4 is committed to providing a mix of housing, including affordable and build to rent. Planning policy on first time buyers will be locally led.

What steps her Department has taken to make train journeys more affordable since July 2024.

We are overhauling the fares and ticketing system to make it easier for passengers to trust that they are buying the right ticket and getting the best fare, and the move to Great British Railways will also help ensure passengers get a more consistent offer across the network. We are already making positive changes, including through expanding ticketing innovations such as Pay as You Go across the South East, working with Transport for West Midlands and Transport for Greater Manchester on contactless Pay as You Go pilots in Manchester and the West Midlands, and delivering Digital Pay as You Go trials in the North and East Midlands. For most passengers this brings with it a best price promise on the day of travel. We have also supported London North Eastern Railway to trial easier to understand fares on some long-distance routes, allowing passengers to benefit from increased flexibility at lower prices than before.

How much funding she plans to allocate to direct rail links between the UK and Germany; and what proportion of that will be allocated in the UK.

The Government fully supports the growth of international rail passenger services, including potential new direct connections, and recognises the socio-economic benefits that these provide for UK citizens and businesses. The Government signed a joint declaration with Germany in August which formalises our joint commitment to exploring the potential for direct rail services in future and establishes a Taskforce to take this forward. This work is in the very early stages, and any services established will be operated on a commercial basis without Government funding, as is the case for all international rail passenger services from the UK.

If stations on East West Rail will have step-free access.

All new and refurbished stations as part of the East-West Rail (EWR) project will have step-free access for users once the full route between Oxford and Cambridge opens in the mid-2030s and will meet robust accessibility requirements set out by EWR Co’s inclusive design team. EWR Co also has an accessibility advisory panel, which is made up of people with a range of disabilities, who are consulted on EWR Co’s designs to ensure these promote accessible travel for all.

Whether her Department plans to support increasing the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in addition to legislating for the certainty mechanism.

The SAF Bill, currently before the House, will deliver a SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism that will help unlock investment in UK SAF production. In addition, we are building demand through the SAF Mandate introduced on 1 January. We are also supporting the growth of UK SAF production through the Advanced Fuels Fund, under which £63 million has been allocated across 17 UK projects for this financial year.

What assessment she has made of the potential merits of extending Eurostar services to Bedford in the context of the Universal UK theme park.

The Government fully supports the growth and expansion of international rail services given the benefits they provide, including more sustainable connections to Europe. Whilst it is a commercial decision for operators, the Government stands ready to engage with industry where there is a commercial proposition, particularly given the unique requirements of operating through the Channel Tunnel, including establishing juxtaposed border and security controls. There would be significant technical changes to extend the international gauge to serve Bedford station and would require the establishment of significant border controls requiring a change to the Treaty arrangements with France. These changes are not currently being considered.

If she will make an assessment of the potential merits of increasing Sustainable Aviation Fuel production in the UK.

The Government is clear on the merits of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and that increasing its use is a key measure to decarbonising aviation. We want the UK to capture its share of the global SAF market and are helping businesses in the UK play a leading role in SAF’s development, production and use. To that end we are building demand through the SAF Mandate introduced on 1 January. We are supporting the growth of UK SAF production through the Advanced Fuels Fund, under which £63 million has been allocated across 17 UK projects for this financial year. In addition, the SAF Bill, currently before the House, will deliver a SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism that will help unlock investment in UK SAF production. We will continue to work across government on increasing UK SAF production, including with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). We are similarly working with lead departments including the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) on policies to increase the uptake of SAF produced from waste. This includes SAF made from non-recyclable municipal solid waste, which has been backed through the Advanced Fuels Fund. We are also working with other government departments on waste feedstock availability, including through the Circular Economy taskforce.

If she will have discussions with the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government on sourcing black bin waste from councils for use in the production of sustainable aviation fuels.

The Government is clear on the merits of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and that increasing its use is a key measure to decarbonising aviation. We want the UK to capture its share of the global SAF market and are helping businesses in the UK play a leading role in SAF’s development, production and use. To that end we are building demand through the SAF Mandate introduced on 1 January. We are supporting the growth of UK SAF production through the Advanced Fuels Fund, under which £63 million has been allocated across 17 UK projects for this financial year. In addition, the SAF Bill, currently before the House, will deliver a SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism that will help unlock investment in UK SAF production. We will continue to work across government on increasing UK SAF production, including with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). We are similarly working with lead departments including the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) on policies to increase the uptake of SAF produced from waste. This includes SAF made from non-recyclable municipal solid waste, which has been backed through the Advanced Fuels Fund. We are also working with other government departments on waste feedstock availability, including through the Circular Economy taskforce.

What discussions she has had with the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero on increasing sustainable aviation fuel production in the UK.

The Government is clear on the merits of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and that increasing its use is a key measure to decarbonising aviation. We want the UK to capture its share of the global SAF market and are helping businesses in the UK play a leading role in SAF’s development, production and use. To that end we are building demand through the SAF Mandate introduced on 1 January. We are supporting the growth of UK SAF production through the Advanced Fuels Fund, under which £63 million has been allocated across 17 UK projects for this financial year. In addition, the SAF Bill, currently before the House, will deliver a SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism that will help unlock investment in UK SAF production. We will continue to work across government on increasing UK SAF production, including with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). We are similarly working with lead departments including the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) on policies to increase the uptake of SAF produced from waste. This includes SAF made from non-recyclable municipal solid waste, which has been backed through the Advanced Fuels Fund. We are also working with other government departments on waste feedstock availability, including through the Circular Economy taskforce.

Whether she plans to introduce incentives for British businesses that produce Sustainable Aviation Fuels.

The Government is clear on the merits of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and that increasing its use is a key measure to decarbonising aviation. We want the UK to capture its share of the global SAF market and are helping businesses in the UK play a leading role in SAF’s development, production and use. To that end we are building demand through the SAF Mandate introduced on 1 January. We are supporting the growth of UK SAF production through the Advanced Fuels Fund, under which £63 million has been allocated across 17 UK projects for this financial year. In addition, the SAF Bill, currently before the House, will deliver a SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism that will help unlock investment in UK SAF production. We will continue to work across government on increasing UK SAF production, including with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). We are similarly working with lead departments including the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) on policies to increase the uptake of SAF produced from waste. This includes SAF made from non-recyclable municipal solid waste, which has been backed through the Advanced Fuels Fund. We are also working with other government departments on waste feedstock availability, including through the Circular Economy taskforce.

With reference to the press release entitled Government protects thousands of miles of bus services from being scrapped, published on 3 June 2025, whether her Department plans to provide additional funding to local authorities who establish bus companies.

Repealing the ban on establishing new local authority bus companies (LABCos) will give local leaders the freedom and flexibility to establish a bus company that matches the needs of their passengers, their aims and ambitions for the network, and the available funding.The government confirmed £955 million for the 2025 to 2026 financial year to support and improve bus services in England outside London. This includes £712 million for local authorities across the country, of which Central Bedfordshire Council was allocated over £3 million.  Funding allocated to local authorities to improve services can be used in whichever way they wish to deliver better services for passengers, which could include setting up a LABCo.The Bus Services (No.2) Bill also removes restrictions on existing LABCos accessing private borrowing, if they are doing so for the purposes of providing local services. This provides a level playing field for existing and new LABCos to access private borrowing if prudent and beneficial to do so.The Department is providing support to local authorities who will wish to explore this option, and we will work with local leaders to ensure this support reflects their needs and priorities.