Written questions by Andrew.

What assessment his Department has made of the practical achievability of product reformulation in relation to the 2018 Nutrient Profile Model.

The Government has committed to updating the standards behind the current advertising and promotions restrictions on ‘less healthy’ food and drink.The advertising and promotions restrictions currently rely on the outdated Nutrient Profiling Model (NPM) 2004/05. The new NPM has been updated in line with the latest dietary advice from the United Kingdom’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, particularly in relation to free sugar and fibre. The Government published the new NPM on 27 January. Applying it to the restrictions will strengthen these policies by bringing more products of concern for children’s health into scope.On 25 March, we launched a 12-week consultation on the proposed application of the new NPM to the advertising and promotion restrictions and published an impact assessment of the direct costs to businesses and intended health outcomes. We will use evidence from the consultation to inform the final impact assessment, which we will publish prior to amending the advertising and promotions restrictions legislation.The NPM is not about restricting reformulation. The aim is to stop the targeting of ‘less healthy’ food and drink marketing to children and to encourage further reformulation and the promotion of healthier options. While some products previously reformulated to meet the NPM 2004/05 may need to go further, the new NPM continues to incentivise reformulation and supports industry to deliver healthier products over time by allowing greater credit for fibre.We have published detailed technical guidance to support consistent calculation of free sugars, including a clear definition, a decision tree to help identify when a free sugars calculation is needed, and worked examples across a wide range of food and drink products. We continue to engage closely with industry and other stakeholders to address technical points relating to the new NPM and calculating free sugars and to determine what might support them further.

What assessment his Department has made of the suitability of using estimated free sugars data within the 2018 Nutrient Profile Model for regulatory purposes.

The Government has committed to updating the standards behind the current advertising and promotions restrictions on ‘less healthy’ food and drink.The advertising and promotions restrictions currently rely on the outdated Nutrient Profiling Model (NPM) 2004/05. The new NPM has been updated in line with the latest dietary advice from the United Kingdom’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, particularly in relation to free sugar and fibre. The Government published the new NPM on 27 January. Applying it to the restrictions will strengthen these policies by bringing more products of concern for children’s health into scope.On 25 March, we launched a 12-week consultation on the proposed application of the new NPM to the advertising and promotion restrictions and published an impact assessment of the direct costs to businesses and intended health outcomes. We will use evidence from the consultation to inform the final impact assessment, which we will publish prior to amending the advertising and promotions restrictions legislation.The NPM is not about restricting reformulation. The aim is to stop the targeting of ‘less healthy’ food and drink marketing to children and to encourage further reformulation and the promotion of healthier options. While some products previously reformulated to meet the NPM 2004/05 may need to go further, the new NPM continues to incentivise reformulation and supports industry to deliver healthier products over time by allowing greater credit for fibre.We have published detailed technical guidance to support consistent calculation of free sugars, including a clear definition, a decision tree to help identify when a free sugars calculation is needed, and worked examples across a wide range of food and drink products. We continue to engage closely with industry and other stakeholders to address technical points relating to the new NPM and calculating free sugars and to determine what might support them further.

Whether he considers the impact assessment carried out in relation to the 2018 Nutrient Profile Model to remain adequate.

The Government has committed to updating the standards behind the current advertising and promotions restrictions on ‘less healthy’ food and drink.The advertising and promotions restrictions currently rely on the outdated Nutrient Profiling Model (NPM) 2004/05. The new NPM has been updated in line with the latest dietary advice from the United Kingdom’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, particularly in relation to free sugar and fibre. The Government published the new NPM on 27 January. Applying it to the restrictions will strengthen these policies by bringing more products of concern for children’s health into scope.On 25 March, we launched a 12-week consultation on the proposed application of the new NPM to the advertising and promotion restrictions and published an impact assessment of the direct costs to businesses and intended health outcomes. We will use evidence from the consultation to inform the final impact assessment, which we will publish prior to amending the advertising and promotions restrictions legislation.The NPM is not about restricting reformulation. The aim is to stop the targeting of ‘less healthy’ food and drink marketing to children and to encourage further reformulation and the promotion of healthier options. While some products previously reformulated to meet the NPM 2004/05 may need to go further, the new NPM continues to incentivise reformulation and supports industry to deliver healthier products over time by allowing greater credit for fibre.We have published detailed technical guidance to support consistent calculation of free sugars, including a clear definition, a decision tree to help identify when a free sugars calculation is needed, and worked examples across a wide range of food and drink products. We continue to engage closely with industry and other stakeholders to address technical points relating to the new NPM and calculating free sugars and to determine what might support them further.

What information his Department holds on the number of final-year students from (a) Queen Mary University of London Malta, (b) Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia and (c) the City St George’s, University of London medical degree programme delivered at the University of Nicosia in Cyprus who applied for the 2026 UK Foundation Programme; how many of those students were allocated an FY1 post in the primary allocation round; and how many were placed on the reserve list.

The Medical Training (Prioritisation) Act 2026, which came into force on 6 March 2026, implements the Government’s commitment in the 10-Year Health Plan to prioritise United Kingdom medical graduates for foundation training places, and to prioritise UK medical graduates and other doctors with significant National Health Service experience for specialty training places. Under the act, a UK medical graduate is defined as someone with a UK primary medical qualification who did not spend the majority of their time training for that qualification outside the British Islands.In 2026, there were more applicants to foundation training than places available, and only prioritised applicants were allocated to a foundation school in the primary allocation. No applicants from the Queen Mary University of London Malta (QMUL Malta), the Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia (NUMed Malaysia), and the City St George’s, University of London medical degree programme delivered at the University of Nicosia in Cyprus were allocated at primary allocation as they are not in a prioritised group.The following table shows the number of applicants from these campuses that applied to the Foundation Programme in 2026, and that were placed on the reserve list on 12 March 2026: QMUL MaltaNUMed MalaysiaCity St George’s, CyprusNumber of applicants that applied to the UK Foundation Programme in 20266610812Number of applicants allocated a place on 12 March 2026000Number of applicants placed on the reserve list on 12 March 20266610711Non-prioritised applicants who are on the reserve list may still be allocated a place on the Foundation Programme in later rounds, depending on available vacancies that arise.

What recent additions have been made to the newborn screening programme; and what process is used to determine future additions.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

Whether his Department has issued guidance to the UK National Screening Committee on taking proactive steps to consider adding new conditions to the newborn screening programme.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

Pursuant to the Answer of 7 January 2026 to Question 99743, whether his Department has met with ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK and the Newborn Screening Collaborative; and whether he plans to meet those organisations.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

How many children have been diagnosed with metachromatic leukodystrophy since 2022; how many of those were diagnosed in time to receive NHS-commissioned treatment; and whether he has made an assessment of the potential impact of the absence of newborn screening on the timing of diagnosis.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

Pursuant to the Answer of 7 January 2026 to Question 99741, what evidence the UK National Screening Committee considered in reaching its recommendation on screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy; and what assessment it made of the balance of benefits and harms.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

Whether his Department uses international data when assessing evidence for rare diseases; and if he will make an assessment of the potential role of such data in relation to metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

What assessment he has made of the potential impact of the withdrawal of additional speciality training places for resident doctors in 2026-27 on NHS workforce planning.

On 22 March, the Government made a formal offer to the British Medical Association (BMA) Resident Doctors Committee (RDC) to seek to resolve their dispute. This was the product of joint negotiation with BMA RDC officers. The offer included a package of measures to tackle training bottlenecks, including increasing specialty training places by up to 4,500 over three years.This offer was rejected by the committee on 25 March, and the BMA RDC immediately called industrial action in England for 7 to 13 April 2026.An assessment was made by my Rt Hon. Friend, the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, and senior leaders within NHS England that due to the financial and operational impact of the six day strike action in April, the 1,000 additional roles set to be launched in April could not go ahead as planned.We will still be introducing the additional 1,000 training posts committed to in the 10-Year Health Plan over the next three years.The decision not to bring forward the launch of 1,000 additional training places to this April will not reduce the number of doctors working in the National Health Service or its ability to serve patients. The additional posts would have changed the proportion of doctors in formal training pathways or in local employment or non-training roles.

Whether he has made an estimate of of the cost to the NHS of the resident doctors’ strike beginning on 7 April 2026.

We have estimated cost of strikes at £50 million per day for resident doctors currently. This would mean that the six-day strike beginning 7 April 2026 is estimated to cost approximately £300 million. We continue to update estimates as new data becomes available, in line with receiving business as usual financial data from National Health Service providers.The NHS has tried and tested plans in place to minimise disruption and will work with partners to ensure safe care for patients continues to be available and emergency services continue to operate.

Pursuant to the Answer of 19 December 2025 to Question 99742 on Screening: Babies, whether the research being undertaken to understand delays in diagnosis will include consideration of (a) the performance of the newborn screening programme and (b) the process by which conditions are added to that programme; and whether he will publish the terms of reference for that research.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

What assessment his Department has made of the potential risks of system level Single Point Of Access (SPOA) on patient choice; and what guidance his Department will issue to integrated care boards to ensure SPOA use is in line with NHS patient choice rights.

The policy intention for the Elective Single Point of Access (SPoA) model is fully compatible with NHS England’s Patient Choice Guidance, published in December 2023. Patients must continue to be offered a choice of provider at the appropriate point in the pathway, and local pathways should be designed to ensure that choice rights operate in practice.SPoA acts as a single ‘front door’ to support clinical triage to the most appropriate service or outcome, meaning timelier, more joined-up care for patients, without altering patients’ statutory right to choice.NHS England has published system guidance, The Elective Single Point of Access: Technical Guidance for 2026/27, which specifies that patients must continue to be offered a choice of provider and team at the appropriate point in the pathway when they can make an informed choice. An elective SPoA diagram showing touchpoints of choice is included in the technical guidance annex.

If he will publish the UK National Screening Committee's final terms of reference; when those terms were last reviewed; and whether he has made an assessment of their adequacy.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

Pursuant to the Answer of 7 January 2026 to Question 99744, what steps his Department is taking to improve the availability and quality of evidence for rare diseases.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-reportThe Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviewsThe UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-referenceThese were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/ EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition. The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme. UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

What discussions he has had with NHS England on proposals to reduce reliance on resident doctors in response to industrial action.

As set out in the 10-Year Health Plan, the Government has committed to create a new model of care, fit for the future. In spring we will publish a 10 Year Workforce Plan to create a workforce ready to deliver that transformed service.The 10 Year Workforce Plan has been developed and is informed by regular discussions with NHS England and will ensure the National Health Service has the right people in the right places, with the right skills to care for patients when they need it. We are working through how the plan will articulate changes for different professional groups.

Whether he has made an estimate of the number of NHS appointments and procedures postponed due to the resident doctors’ strike beginning on 7 April 2026.

NHS England routinely publishes information on postponed inpatient and outpatient appointments during periods of industrial action, and this information will be published in due course. Further information will be available at the following link:https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/preparedness-for-potential-industrial-action-in-the-nhs/#heading-3

What assessment he has made of the adequacy of mental health crisis and inpatient provision in Northamptonshire following changes to services at St Andrew’s Hospital.

St Andrew’s site in Northampton provides care for a complex mix of patients on both an inpatient and outpatient basis. The decision by NHS England relates to inpatients at St Andrew’s Northampton site only. It is important to note that Care Quality Commission enforcement against St Andrew’s meant that no new patients have been admitted to the inpatient unit at Northampton for some time.Of the inpatients at St Andrew’s Northampton site, the majority are adult secure commissioned patients. Many of these patients are subject to Ministry of Justice restrictions. The decision will mean limitation upon the number of available adult secure beds in Northamptonshire, however alternative placements are being sought for patients in the region as well as in surrounding areas. The majority of other patients in St Andrew’s, Northamptonshire are patients placed by integrated care boards (ICB) into other core mental health services provided by St Andrew’s.NHS England is working with all placing commissioners, including Northamptonshire ICB, the East Midlands provider collaboratives and local providers, asking them to identify and transfer patients to alternative placements (within the community, other health or detained settings) in line with clinical need and informed by patient and family wishes. This approach is being informed by available capacity, impact across services and enabling the identification of specific additional requirements. This is a live situation; therefore, the assessment and response are evolving. An Ethics Framework has been used to guide decision making recognising that there are a range of risks which need to be carefully balanced. Recognising the wider health and economic context for the county, Northamptonshire ICB have also convened a local system response forum to ensure that local partners are informed and engaged.

What steps his Department is taking to ensure that families and carers of patients affected by changes to services at St Andrew’s Hospital in Northampton are involved in decisions about alternative care arrangements.

The failings exposed at St Andrew’s Hospital in Northampton site are completely unacceptable. The accounts of poor care, patient harm, and sustained risks to vulnerable people are deeply distressing, and the safety and wellbeing of patients remains our foremost priority throughout this process.NHS England has required commissioners to begin identifying alternative inpatient placements for patients at St Andrew’s Hospital in Northampton following ongoing concerns about patient safety. Transfers are being managed carefully and in phases, based on individual clinical assessments, and patients will only move when a suitable alternative placement has been identified that can safely meet their needs. Enhanced clinical oversight has been put in place at the site, and NHS England is working closely with placing commissioners and provider networks to ensure transfers prioritise patient safety, continuity of care and compliance with the Mental Health Act where applicable.We recognise that many patients at St Andrew’s will have limited capacity to advocate for themselves. Their voices, and those of their families and representatives, must be central to this process. Enhanced advocacy provision is already in place, and patient communications including accessible and Easy Read formats are being developed to support understanding and reduce anxiety.After discussing with the NHS, a patient’s placing commissioner will talk with them to explain the options being considered for the best place for them to go next. They will listen to each patient’s preferences and feed these back to the NHS so they can be taken into account when making plans. Advanced advocacy support for patients is also in place. However, the final decision will also depend on the care needs of each patient and what services are available.Where a patient is receiving care in an adult secure service, decisions will also need to consider risk and any requirements from the Ministry of Justice that may apply. These factors help the team decide the most appropriate place for ongoing care.