Written questions by Thomas.

What steps he plans to take to support growth in the no and low alcohol market.

In Fit for the Future: 10 Year Health Plan for England, the Government has committed to tackling harmful levels of alcohol consumption by exploring options to encourage consumers to reduce their alcohol intake by substituting standard strength drinks with no- and low-alcohol (NoLo) alternatives. One of the first steps to support further growth of the NoLo sector, and potentially increase the range of NoLo products, will be to explore raising the upper alcohol limit for drinks labelled as alcohol-free to 0.5% alcohol by volume (ABV) from 0.05% ABV, whilst providing clarity to consumers and producers. At the same time, we will explore measures to regulate access to NoLo products in line with other alcoholic beverages, including prohibiting sales to individuals under the age of 18 years old. Alongside the plan, a large, multi-year National Institute for Health and Care Research study is underway to examine the public health impacts of NoLo products, and we look forward to the findings of that study being available in the coming year.

If he will allow London North West University Healthcare Trust to become an NHS Foundation Trust.

As outlined in the 10-Year Health Plan, our ambition is that by 2035 all provider trusts will be foundation trusts, using their freedoms to work with others and improve population health.

If he will ask the British Business Bank to support credit unions to offer loans to small businesses.

The British Business Bank is backing Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs) with £150 million of capital through the Community ENABLE Funding programme, to support small businesses that are under-served by commercial lenders.Credit unions play a valuable role in providing both loans and savings, with 2.2 million members across the UK. Unlike CDFIs, which are not authorised to offer bank accounts, credit unions are able to attract customer deposits and are not reliant on wholesale finance. For this reason, the British Business Bank has no current plans to support credit unions to offer loans to small businesses.

Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what diplomatic steps her Department plans to take to support the rebuilding of the Palestinian economy.

On 13 October, alongside representatives from the Egyptian Government and the Palestinian Authority, I co-hosted a summit at Wilton Park focused on how we can leverage in private finance to support the reconstruction of Gaza and the recovery of the Palestinian economy, attended by business leaders from the region, international partners, and financial experts from here in the UK.Both through short-term humanitarian relief, and long-term support, we are determined to help the Palestinian people as they rebuild their homes and livelihoods, and we will continue to drive international support for that effort as a crucial component of Phase Two of the US-led peace plan.

If she will take steps to ensure that young people are taught about co-operatives as part of the national curriculum.

​​A high quality citizenship education helps to provide pupils with the knowledge, skills and understanding to prepare them to play a full and active part in society. The citizenship curriculum is compulsory within the national curriculum at secondary and primary schools can choose to teach citizenship at key stages 1 and 2, following the non-statutory framework for citizenship.​Pupils should be taught about the roles played by public institutions and voluntary groups in society, which could include co-operatives, and the ways in which citizens work together to improve their communities.​The independent Curriculum and Assessment Review is seeking to deliver a curriculum that ensures children and young people leave compulsory education ready for life and work, building the knowledge, skills and attributes young people need to thrive. The Review’s final report and recommendations will be published shortly with the government’s response.

When sixth form colleges will be able to access the £375m of capital expansion funding earmarked in the Industrial Strategy.

We know that the 16 to 19 population has been increasing in some parts of England and that extra capacity has been needed in post-16 places in some areas.The post-16 Capacity Fund has already invested £282 million between 2021 to 2025 for additional capacity and we will be investing a further £375 million between 2026/27 and 2029/30 to provide additional places.We will make announcements in due course and provide further information about the delivery of the £375 million capital funding secured for the post-16 sector.

Whether her Department plans to formally consult with financial mutual businesses on doubling the size of the mutual sector.

The government is committed to supporting the growth of financial mutuals in line with the manifesto commitment to double the size of the mutual and co-operative sector. HM Treasury has already announced measures to support financial mutuals and is currently progressing these. For building societies, HM Treasury has committed to progressing further amendments to the Building Societies Act 1986 following two statutory instruments being laid in October 2024. This will create a more supportive legislative environment for building societies. For friendly societies and mutual insurers, HM Treasury is funding the Law Commission’s independent review of Friendly Societies Acts 1974 and 1992, which will put forward recommendations to develop a more modern and supportive legislative environment for relevant societies. The government will carefully consider the findings of the review to understand whether legislative reform is needed. To support all financial mutuals, HM Treasury has also asked the Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority to produce a report on the current landscape of the sector. This is expected to be published before the end of 2025. The government also welcomed the establishment of the Mutual and Co-operative Sector Business Council to provide a voice for the mutuals sector to support government policy. Representatives from major building societies, mutual insurers, and relevant trade bodies sit on the Council. The government also published the Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, which will support all organisations in the financial services sector and encourages the sector to continue to work in partnership with government to deliver growth. The government welcomes its regular engagement with financial mutuals, including through the Council, to understand how best to support growth. This includes ministerial meetings and roundtables. For example, representatives from building societies, mutual insurers, and credit unions recently contributed their views at roundtables on the Growth & Competitiveness Strategy. Additionally, from November 2024 to March 2025 HM Treasury ran a call for evidence to collect formal responses on potential reform of the credit union common bond in Great Britain. Responses to this are now being considered and next steps will be communicated in due course.

What steps her Department plans to take to enable credit unions to offer mortgages.

The Government has made clear its strong support for the credit union sector, recognising the value that credit unions bring to their members in local communities across the country in providing savings products and affordable credit. Credit unions in Great Britain are already permitted to offer mortgages. It is the choice of individual credit unions whether they choose to offer mortgages, and some have chosen to do so. Credit unions who offer mortgages may be subject to additional regulatory requirements from the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) to account for the increased risk in providing such services.

What steps her Department has taken with (a) building societies, (b) friendly societies and (c) mutual insurers to grow the size of the mutual sector.

The government is committed to supporting the growth of financial mutuals in line with the manifesto commitment to double the size of the mutual and co-operative sector. HM Treasury has already announced measures to support financial mutuals and is currently progressing these. For building societies, HM Treasury has committed to progressing further amendments to the Building Societies Act 1986 following two statutory instruments being laid in October 2024. This will create a more supportive legislative environment for building societies. For friendly societies and mutual insurers, HM Treasury is funding the Law Commission’s independent review of Friendly Societies Acts 1974 and 1992, which will put forward recommendations to develop a more modern and supportive legislative environment for relevant societies. The government will carefully consider the findings of the review to understand whether legislative reform is needed. To support all financial mutuals, HM Treasury has also asked the Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority to produce a report on the current landscape of the sector. This is expected to be published before the end of 2025. The government also welcomed the establishment of the Mutual and Co-operative Sector Business Council to provide a voice for the mutuals sector to support government policy. Representatives from major building societies, mutual insurers, and relevant trade bodies sit on the Council. The government also published the Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, which will support all organisations in the financial services sector and encourages the sector to continue to work in partnership with government to deliver growth. The government welcomes its regular engagement with financial mutuals, including through the Council, to understand how best to support growth. This includes ministerial meetings and roundtables. For example, representatives from building societies, mutual insurers, and credit unions recently contributed their views at roundtables on the Growth & Competitiveness Strategy. Additionally, from November 2024 to March 2025 HM Treasury ran a call for evidence to collect formal responses on potential reform of the credit union common bond in Great Britain. Responses to this are now being considered and next steps will be communicated in due course.

What steps her Department plans to take to encourage the growth of (a) building societies and (b) mutual insurers.

The government is committed to supporting the growth of financial mutuals in line with the manifesto commitment to double the size of the mutual and co-operative sector. HM Treasury has already announced measures to support financial mutuals and is currently progressing these. For building societies, HM Treasury has committed to progressing further amendments to the Building Societies Act 1986 following two statutory instruments being laid in October 2024. This will create a more supportive legislative environment for building societies. For friendly societies and mutual insurers, HM Treasury is funding the Law Commission’s independent review of Friendly Societies Acts 1974 and 1992, which will put forward recommendations to develop a more modern and supportive legislative environment for relevant societies. The government will carefully consider the findings of the review to understand whether legislative reform is needed. To support all financial mutuals, HM Treasury has also asked the Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority to produce a report on the current landscape of the sector. This is expected to be published before the end of 2025. The government also welcomed the establishment of the Mutual and Co-operative Sector Business Council to provide a voice for the mutuals sector to support government policy. Representatives from major building societies, mutual insurers, and relevant trade bodies sit on the Council. The government also published the Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, which will support all organisations in the financial services sector and encourages the sector to continue to work in partnership with government to deliver growth. The government welcomes its regular engagement with financial mutuals, including through the Council, to understand how best to support growth. This includes ministerial meetings and roundtables. For example, representatives from building societies, mutual insurers, and credit unions recently contributed their views at roundtables on the Growth & Competitiveness Strategy. Additionally, from November 2024 to March 2025 HM Treasury ran a call for evidence to collect formal responses on potential reform of the credit union common bond in Great Britain. Responses to this are now being considered and next steps will be communicated in due course.

What estimate he has made of the number of (a) pubs and (b) other hospitality businesses with outstanding covid-19 loans.

This information is not held centrally by the Department for Business and Trade.

What assessment she has made of trends in the level of bank lending to (a) individuals and (b) businesses in the key areas reviewed by the Independent Commission for Neighbourhoods.

The Government recognises that credit, when provided responsibly, supports business growth, and can be crucial for people facing unexpected expenses or managing their cash flow. The UK has a diverse landscape for credit provision to individuals and businesses, comprising traditional banks, challenger and specialist banks, and non-bank finance providers. As part of this landscape, Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs) play a vital role in providing affordable credit to underserved consumers and businesses. In November 2024, the British Business Bank launched the Community ENABLE Funding (CEF) Programme, which aims to deploy £150 million over the next two years to ‘not for profit’ lenders, including CDFIs. This will enable these organisations to provide enhanced support to consumers and businesses by broadening access to finance. In 2024, CDFIs and social banks lent £96.7 million to 364 social enterprises, with 67% of this lending directed to the UK’s most disadvantaged areas. Furthermore, in recognition of the important role responsible credit can play for consumers, the Government’s forthcoming Financial Inclusion Strategy includes a focus on access to credit, among other priority issues, and will seek to ensure people have access to useful products and services for their needs.

What the top 10 UK service export destinations were in each of the last five years for which figures are available.

The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority. A response to the Hon gentleman’s Parliamentary Question of 10th October is attached.

Whether she has made an estimate of changes to the cost of trading with the EU for financial services firms based in the UK since the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement came into force.

The Trade and Cooperation Agreement remains a cornerstone of our relationship with the EU. The government is committed to its full implementation and to maximising the benefits for UK citizens and businesses. However, it is for the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) to provide independent and authoritative analysis and forecasting for the UK public finances. We have reset our relations with European partners in order to improve our diplomatic, economic, and security cooperation following Brexit. The Prime Minister hosted the inaugural UK-EU Summit on 19 May 2025, where we reached a significant new agreement to build a new strategic partnership with the EU. It was the first of annual summits, that will provide opportunities to strengthen our relationship and ensure that opportunities for cooperation are maximised for years to come. In financial services, strengthening our relationships with all international partners, including the EU, is a key focus of the government’s Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy published in July.

What estimate he has made of the level of (a) exports and (b) imports trade (i) to the nearest billion pounds and (ii) by share with the (A) EU, (B) US and (C) rest of the world in the last period for which data is available.

The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.A response to the Hon gentleman’s Parliamentary Question of 10th October is attached.

Food and Rural Affairs, what discussions she has had with her EU counterparts on (a) the management of foot and mouth disease and (b) recent restrictions on (i) meat and (ii) dairy imports.

Defra and the European Commission regularly exchange information in relation to (a) the management of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in the European Union in 2025 and (b) the import restrictions on meat and dairy products that we put in place to protect UK farmers. This information includes details of surveillance, testing, movements of animals and goods, and other outbreak controls.

Commonwealth and Development Affairs, pursuant to the Answer of 6 August 2025 to Question 68668 on Israel: Palestinians, if she will have discussions with her Israeli counterparts on (a) releasing children held in administrative detention, (b) the transparancey of information on the number of Palestinian children detained and (c) allegations in relation to the abuse of those children in detention.

The UK regularly raises our concerns about Palestinian children in detention with the Israeli authorities. We are clear that children must always be protected, and their rights upheld in accordance with international law. We are horrified by reports of mistreatment or abuse of Palestinian children in detention and call on the Israeli authorities to investigate these urgently and to ensure any perpetrators are held to account. Children must only be detained in line with internationally agreed juvenile justice standards or other applicable international law, and we call for an end to the military detention of Palestinian children where this is incompatible with those principles. We continue to call on Israel to immediately facilitate urgent, unhindered access to all child detainees from the West Bank and Gaza to persons providing legal assistance, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and appropriate experts for the purposes of monitoring and reporting.

Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what assessment her Department has made of the situation in Nepal.

The UK and Nepal share a deep historic relationship. We were appalled at the violence that transpired in Kathmandu and across Nepal following protests that were triggered by the Government of Nepal banning a number of social media platforms, as well as public frustrations about levels of corruption and nepotism. The UK supports fundamental freedoms and respect for human rights in Nepal and elsewhere, including the right to protest and peaceful assembly. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) made public statements condemning the violence and calling for accountability and peaceful dialogue.On 12 September, our Embassy in Nepal welcomed the appointment of Rt Hon Sushila Karki's as interim Prime Minister. As Nepal's oldest friend, we recognise the challenges ahead and affirm our commitment to support Nepali aspirations for accountability and inclusive governance.

If she will publish the Law Commission’s proposals on reforming cooperative law.

The government is keen to ensure that the law governing co-operatives and community benefit societies is clear and supports their growth. That is why we are funding the Law Commission’s independent review of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014. The Law Commission’s independent review is considering ways to update and modernise the legislation for co-operatives and community benefit societies, ensuring that it fits the nature and needs of these societies as well as ensuring that regulation is proportionate and effective. The Law Commission will publish its final recommendations in a report and draft bill. These are expected to be published before the end of 2025. The government will then carefully consider the Law Commission’s recommendations to understand whether reform of the legislation is needed to ensure these businesses are supported to grow and succeed into the future.

Communities and Local Government, if he will encourage local authorities to set aside land for (a) community land trusts and (b) housing cooperatives.

The government recognises that the community-led housing sector – which includes community land trusts and housing cooperatives – delivers a wide range of benefits including strengthening community participation in local decision-making, engendering community cohesion, achieving high quality design and strengthening the co-operative economy.In March, we announced a £20 million 10-year social finance investment to provide capital finance for community-led housing, which is expected to directly support the construction of more than 2,500 new homes over the next decade. These housebuilding projects will be led by communities to specifically address local needs in their area.Through the recent revisions to the National Planning Policy Framework, we have strengthened support for community-led housing, including through changes to the size limit on community-led exception sites and a broadening of the definition of organisations able to deliver community-led housing.We are also undertaking a significant research project to inform future interventions to support the sector, with a particular focus on sustainable finance.Looking ahead, as we develop our Long Term Housing Strategy, the new Social and Affordable Homes Programme and the National Housing Delivery Fund, we will consider how the government may further support the growth of the community-led housing sector, helping to deliver the additional homes the country needs.